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Circulatory/Respiratory System Circulatory/Respiratory System Why Have a Circulatory System? Small organisms do not need a circulatory system to supply cells with food and oxygen. They rely on diffusion. Larger organisms need a system to move nutrients and gases. Not all cells come into contact with the environment. Circulatory system A transport system responsible for; Supplying cells with nutrients and oxygen. Helps remove wastes and carbon dioxide gas (CO2). Consists of the: Heart Blood Vessels Blood Two Circulatory Pathways Pulmonary Circulationcarries blood to and from the lungs. Systemic Circulationcarries oxygen rich blood to body and oxygen poor blood from the body to the heart. The Heart The Human heart has 4 chambers Right atrium- accepts oxygen poor blood from the body Right ventricle- pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs Left atrium- accepts oxygen rich blood from the lungs Left ventricle- pumps oxygen rich blood to the body Blood Vessels Arteries- carry blood away from the heart All arteries carry oxygen rich blood except the pulmonary artery which carries oxygen from the heart to the lungs. Capillaries- very small thin blood vessels that exchange O2 and CO2 with cells. Veins- return blood to the heart. Circulation in action Now watch this video to see circulation in action. Note teachers- if the video does not work go to www.brainpop.com (Login: leehsst password: science). Go to Health Circulatory System Circulatory System Blood- composition Plasma- protein rich fluid that carries blood cells. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)- carry oxygen and nutrients to cells, and CO2 waste from cells. White blood cells- produce immune response, fight disease. Platelets- protein and cell fragments that cause blood to clot when you have a cut. Hemoglobin Protein in blood that carries oxygen for the cell. More About Blood Now watch this video to learn more about blood . Note teachers- if the video does not work go to www.brainpop.com (Login: leehsst password: science). Go to Health Circulatory System Blood. Circulatory Diseases Atherosclerosis- condition where fatty acids build up forming plaques on the walls of arteries. High blood pressure (Hypertension)- forces the heart to work harder. May weaken or damage. Heart Blood vessels Heart Attack Stroke Respiration Cellular respiration- Chemical reactions that use oxygen to extract energy from sugar. Location = mitochondria vs. Respiration- Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide that occurs in the lungs. Quick Write On the back of your paper: Describe the Structures and Functions related to the Circulatory System. Use words like: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Veins, Arteries, Atria, Ventricle Respiratory System Function- To facilitate the transfer of oxygen into the blood from the air and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood. Air Passage Nose/Mouth- Humidify air Pharynx- Blood/food passage Larynx- Voice box Trachea- windpipe Bronchus- air passages into the lungs Bronchioles- smaller branching tubes in the lungs Respiration Vocal Cords Plastic Lung Cast Alveoli Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles that permit CO2/O2 gas exchange. With the blood. In close contact with capillaries. Provides more surface area for gases to diffuse into and out of the blood. Breathing In How does air move into the lungs? Diaphragm- a muscle that crosses the bottom of your chest cavity. Diaphragm moves down- increasing the volume of your chest. Air pressure in chest drops and air flows in. Breathing outDiaphragm moves updecreasing the volume of your chest. Air pressure in chest increases and air flows out. More About Blood Now watch this video to learn more about respiration. Note teachers- if the video does not work go to www.brainpop.com (Login: leehsst password: science). Go to Health Respiratory System Respiratory System. How is breathing controlled? 1. 2. 3. 4. Your nervous system senses the amount of CO2 in your blood. When the CO2 levels rise a signal is sent to the brain telling. The brain send a signal increasing your breathing rate. Too little CO2 and the signal is sent to slow down your breathing Why is smoking bad? Nicotine- stimulant increases heart rate blood pressure. Carbon monoxide- poison that block O2 transport in the blood. Bronchitis- mucus in the lungs Emphysema- reduced elasticity of lungs making it hard to breath Cancer Quick Write On the Back of your paper: Describe the structures and functions related to Respiratory system. Use words like: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Alveoli, Bronchi, Lungs, Capillaries Circulation Respiration Lab Procedure: 1. Make sure you have a partner and a watch. 2. Measure your resting heart rate by counting the number of pulses in 15 second. 3. Walk down the hallway at a pace of approximately one step/second. Have your partner count off the seconds. 4. Measure your heart rate immediately after walking down the hallway. 5. Wait until your heart rate has returned to its resting rate. Have your partner time how long it takes 6. Run up two flights of stairs as fast as you can and measure your heart rate when you reach the top. 7. Have your partner time how long it takes for your heart rate to return to its resting rate. Group practice Do a rally coach with your partner to label the parts of the respiratory systems and answer the questions. homework Draw the important organs for the respiratory system and circulatory system in your body book and the excretory system on a different page. Write about the systems’ functions on the left side of the book and each organ and its function on the right side of the book