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Chordate classes
characteristics
Fish
Bird
*Ectothermic
* Lateral line
*Two chambered heart
* Gills used for respiration
* No external ears
* No eye lids
*warm blooded (endothermic)
*vertebrates (they have a
*backbone and an internal
skeleton)
*breathe using lungs (not gills)
*an outer covering of feathers this feature is not shared with
any other vertebrate group
*reproduce by laying eggs
body systems
Fish
Bird
As with all animals digestion in fish
involves the breakdown of eaten food into
its smaller component parts, amino acids,
vitamins, fatty acids etc. which can then
be used to build up new fish body. The
breaking apart or breaking down of the
eaten material is called anabolism, the
building up of new material is called
catabolism and these two together make
up the whole of metabolism.
The Digestive System consists chiefly of
the Alimentary Canal and its glandular
appendages, the former, beginning with
the MOUTH, is successively made up of
the OESOPHAGUS, the STOMACH, the
small intestine or "ileum", and the large
intestine or "rectum" (with the Caeca
when present), which last opens into the
Cloaca.
cardiovascular
Fish
Bird
By circulating blood throughout the body,
the cardiovascular system functions to
supply the tissues with oxygen and
nutrients, while removing carbon dioxide
and other metabolic wastes. As oxygenrich blood from the heart flows to the
tissues of the body, oxygen and other
chemicals move out of the blood and into
the fluid surrounding the cells of the
body's tissues.
Birds have very efficient cardiovascular
systems that permit them to meet the
metabolic demands of flight (and running,
swimming, or diving). The cardiovascular
system not only delivers oxygen to body
cells (and removes metabolic wastes) but
also plays an important role in
maintaining a bird's body
temperature.The avian circulatory system
consists of a heart plus vessels that
transport:
*nutrients
*oxygen and carbon dioxide
* waste products
*hormones
digestive
Fish
Brid
The digestive system, in a functional
sense, starts at the mouth, with the teeth
used to capture prey or collect plant
foods. Mouth shape and tooth structure
vary greatly in fishes, depending on the
kind of food normally eaten. Most fishes
are predacious, feeding on small
invertebrates or other fishes and have
simple conical teeth on the jaws, on at
least some of the bones of the roof of the
mouth, and on special gill arch structures
just in front of the esophagus.
The digestive system of birds is complex
for the size of most birds. A small bird can
eat up to twenty percent of its body
weight daily. Birds have an extremely high
metabolism so to keep up with the
requirements bird must eat a large
amount of food.
reproductive
Fish
Bird
Fish can be divided into two broad
categories on the basis of their breeding
behavior. Egg-layers, which form the
majority, practice external fertilization,
while in live bearers the eggs are fertilized
in the female's body and emerge fully
formed young.
Female birds also have an increase in the
size of their reproductive organs. In birds,
it's generally the left ovary that is active.
The ovaries look very similar to a bunch
of grapes.
Each one of the circular ‘grape-like’
structures are called follicles that can be
atretic or mature eggs. Inside each
follicle is the ovum (germ cell), plus the
yolk. An atrectic follicle is one that has
started to develop but then aborted.
nervous
Fish
Bird
The most anterior parts of a fish's brain
are the olfactory bulbs. These are
connected to the two lobes of the
cerebrum by stalks. In fish the cerebrum
is primarily involved with the sense of
smell. It also seems to control behaviors
such as taking care of the young and
exploring the environment. The optic
lobes process information from the eyes.
The cerebellum coordinates body
movements and the medulla controls
internal organ functions and maintains
balance.
he central nervous system is made up of a
brain, a spinal chord and nerves. The
brain is situated inside the skull and
connected to one end of the spinal chord
which as its name suggests runs down
Bird
Fish