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Table of Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4-6 Page 7-8 Page 9-10 Page 11-12 Page 13-14 Page 15-16 Page 17-18 Page 19-20 Page 21-22 Page 23-24 Page 25-26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Table of Contents- done Fast Facts- done The Body is made of up?- done Body Systems- done Circulatory System-done Immune System-done Skeletal System-done Excretory System- done Muscular System-done Endocrine System-done Digestive System- done Nervous System- done Respiratory System- done Activity Glossary Index Parent/Teacher Notes Body Systems! • Circulatory System (heart, blood, vessels) • Respiratory System (nose, trachea, lungs) • Immune System (many types of protein, cells, organs, tissues) • Skeletal System (bones) • Excretory System (lungs, large intestine, kidneys) • Muscular System (muscles) • Endocrine System (glands) • Digestive System (mouth, esophogus, stomach, intestines) • Nervous System (brain, spinal cord, nerves) Fast Facts • Our body has a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs. • A person is usually 5 to 6 feet tall. • Our body is made to stand and walk on two feet, and use our arms to carry and lift stuff. The Body is made up of? • The Adult body is made up of: – 206 Bones – 600 Muscles – 22 Internal organs – 100 Trillion Cells Circulatory System • The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system. • YOUR HEART IS A MUSCLE! • ARTERIES are vessels that carry blood away from the heart. • VEINS are vessels that carry blood back to the heart. • Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body. • The heart is just a pump. A complex and important one, yes, but still just a pump. As with all other pumps it can become clogged, break down and need repair. Circulatory System Excretory System! • The Excretory System consists of: –POOP –URINE –SWEAT Poop- Why do we poop? What is poop made of? Why does poop smell? How much do I poop? • We poop because our food gets digested and becomes waste. What nutrients your body doesn’t use leaves the body through poop. Bacteria, salt, and bile are some of the waste leaving your body. Bile is largely responsible for the brownish greenish color. Poop smells because indole and stakole, which are chemicals made when the bacteria in your intestines “munch” on food. You poop 1/3 of a pound for every pound you eat. Urine- What is pee? What makes you pee? • Pee is waste and excess water. When your bladder gets full, you get the feeling you have to pee. Sweat and Armpits- What makes armpits smell? Does sweat always smell? Why does it stink? • Sweat makes your armpits smell. It’s usually not the sweat that stinks it is the bacteria that smells. It depends on the person on how much you smell when you sweat. Respiratory System! We need to breathe in oxygen to live. • What do we breathe? • We breathe in oxygen! Oxygen is a chemical doesn’t taste or look like anything, but every time we breathe in, it goes into our blood! But you have to breathe out too, don’t you? When you breathe out, you are letting out another chemical called carbon dioxide! • How does that chemical oxygen go through our body? • Our whole body needs oxygen! You know where your nose and your mouth are, right? Those are the two places where you breathe in your oxygen! After you breathe in, the oxygen goes down a tube in your throat called the trachea and then it travels to your lungs. Your lungs let you breathe in air, let out air, and even talk! Oxygen is put into the blood from the lungs. Aren’t you glad you have these? NERVOUS SYSTEM! • Nervous System is the controlling and communication system of the body. It’s in control of yours thoughts, actions, and emotions. The cells are communicated by electrical signals that are fast and detailed. These signals cause almost immediate responses. NERVOUS SYSTEM! • This system is broken down into two parts the central nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is the command center and has the brain and spinal cord. The commands are based on past experiences, reflexes, and your current conditions. The peripheral system contains the nerves that extend from the brain to the spinal cord. These nerves serve as links to the central nervous system. Digestive System • Food first enters the digestive system through the mouth, goes through multiple organs, until they are transformed into enzymes, glucose, and other nutrients that the body can use. Step by Step Mouth Esophagus Liver Stomach Large intestine Small intestine Appendix Rectum Anus Endocrine System • The endocrine system is the system that controls the body. This system uses hormones to excite the metabolic activities of the cells. The hormones are released into the blood stream. Body Glands • The adrenal medulla is the gland behind the fight-or-flight reaction, and it secretes adrenaline. • The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone. • The pineal is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces melatonin. Body Glands • The hypothalamus receives signals from the brain and the peripheral nerves, and then triggers the release of hormones into the bloodstream. • The pituitary receives orders from the hypothalamus. • The thyroid gland is located on the front surface of the trachea. It produces two hormones, and regulates metabolism. Skeletal System • The skeletal system is the system that supports us and gives us our shape. Two main structures form the skeletal system: cartilage and bone. Cartilage is largely composed of water and contains no nerves or blood vessels. Bone provide other important functions for us other than giving shape to the body. They provide a hard framework that is able to support the body and cradle the delicate organs that it contains. They provide protection for the internal organs. Skeletal System • Fun Fact: In all there are 206 named bones in the human skeleton Muscular System • The muscular system is the largest in the body • There are over forty muscles just in the skull. • The three different types of muscles tissues are cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Muscular System Immune System • The immune system is the body’s main defense against all foreign substances. • We would die immediately without it. • We have billions of bacteria that rest on our skin. • Skin is our first defense for fighting bacteria. • Nose hair is the bodies natural air filtration system. • Sneezing gets rid of all the dust particles. Fun Fact! • The most deadly disease in America is AIDS GLOSSARY • • • • • • • • TracheaGlandsTorsoArteriesVeinsBileIndoleStakole- GLOSSARY • • • • • • OxygenCarbon dioxideLungsPeripheral nervous systemEnzymesGlucose- • Hormones- Hormones are chemical compounds that regulate metabolic function of cells in the body. There are over 50 hormones in our body system. • Metabolic- GLOSSARY • • • • • • • • • MouthEsophagusLiverStomachLarge intestineSmall intestineAppendixRectum Anus- GLOSSARY • Chemical Compounds• • • • Amino acid-based hormones and steroidsCholesterolThe adrenal medullaThe parathyroid glands-