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Airway Management
 Respiration: breathing
 Ventilation: breathing in of air or oxygen or providing
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breaths artificially.
Respiratory distress: increased work of breathing;
sensation of shortness of breath
Respiratory failure: reduction of breathing to the point
where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life.
Respiratory arrest: stopping breathing completely.
Artificial Ventilation: forcing air or oxygen into the lungs
when the patient has stopped breathing or has
inadequate breathing.
Review of Anatomy & Physiology
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Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs
Diaphragm
Signs of Adequate Breathing
 Adequate and equal lung expansion (look)
 Air entering and leaving chest (listen)
 Air moving out nose or mouth (feel)
 Typical skin color
 Rate, rhythm, quality and depth of
breathing
Signs of inadequate breathing
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Absent or minimal chest movements
Abdominal breathing
No air can be felt or heard at nose or mouth.
Absent or diminished breathing sounds
Noises heard during breathing
Too rapid or too slow breathing rate
Very shallow or very deep breathing
Cyanosis
Inability to speak
Intercostals retraction
Nasal flaring
Care of inadequate breathing
 Opening & maintaining the airway
 Head tilt, chin left maneuver
 Jaw thrust maneuver
 Providing artificial ventilation to patient
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Mouth to mask
Two rescuer bag valve mask
Flow restricted, oxygen powered ventilation device
One rescuer bag valve mask
 Providing supplemental oxygen
 Suctioning as needed
Airway Adjuncts
 Oropharyngeal airway
 Nasophayngeal airway
Rules of using airway adjuncts
 Used in unconscious patient who do not exhibit
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a gag reflex
Open airway manually before using them
Take care of pushing tongue into pharynx
Stop insertion if patient begins to gag
Maintain the use of airway opening maneuver
Be ready to suction secretions as necessary
Remove if patient regain consciousness ar
started to gag
Use infection control practices
Suctioning
 The use of a vaccum device to remove
blood, vomitus and other secretions or
foreign materials from the airway.
Oxygen Therapy
 It is one of the most important and
beneficial treatments an EMT can provide.
 Hypoxia: is an insufficiency in supply of
oxygen to the body tissues.
Conditions requiring oxygen
 Respiratory or cardiac arrest
 Heart attacks and strokes
 Shock
 Blood loss
 Lung diseases
 Broken bones and head injuries and more
Hazards of oxygen therapy
 Oxygen used in emergency care is stored
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under pressure
Oxygen supports combustion, causing fire
to burn more rapidly.
Oxygen toxicity or air sac collapse
Infant eye damage
Respiratory depression or respiratory
arrest
Oxygen Delivery Devices
 Nonrebreather mask
 Nasal cannula
 Venturi mask
 Simple face mask
Nonrebreather Mask
 Flow rate: 12 – 15 L/Min
 O2 Conc.: 80 – 90 %
 Use: inadequate breathing, cyanotic, cool,
clammy, short of breath, suffering chest
pain, suffering severe injuries, altered
mental status patients.
Nasal Cannual
 Flow rate: 1 – 6 L/Min
 O2 Conc.: 24 – 44 %
 Use: for patients who cannot tolerate mask
Venturi Mask
 Flow Rate: varied, up to 15 L/Min
 O2 Conc.: 24 – 60 %
 Use: to deliver specific concentration
Simple Face Mask
 Flow Rate: 10 L/Min
 O2 Conc.: 40 – 60 %
 Use: moderate FiO2, mouth breathers