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AIRWAY MANAGEMENT Respiration Adequate Breathing Inadequate Breathing Patient Assessment Techniques of Artificial Ventilation Mouth to Mask BVM Airway Adjuncts OP NP Suctioning Oxygen Therapy Oxygen Administration Hypoxia Oxygen Therapy Equipment Special Considerations Nose/mouth – pharynx/oropharynx – Larynx – Trachea – Bronchi – Bronchioles – LungsAlveoli The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, increasing the size of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm moves slightly downward, the ribs move upward/outward and air flows into the lungs Inhalation Exhalation is the reverse ALL IS NORMAL BASED ON……… Rate Rhythm Quality Depth 12-20regular breath adequate sounds Skin is warm/pink/dry Minute Volume The amount of air move through the lungs in one minute The higher the Minute Volume the more CO2 is being released And the opposite is true Normal Minute Volume 12bpm x 500 mL – 150 mL/bpm dead space= 4200mL/minute Dead space is air that does not take part in gas exchange INADEQUATE BREATHING Respiratory Distress Respiratory Failure Respiratory Arrest Inadequate Breathing Defined Depth of breathing and rate fall outside normal limits Signs of Inadequate Breathing Rate, rhythm, quality Skin color Cyanosis Use of Accessory Muscles Abnormal sounds Rales, Ronchi, Stridor, Wheezes Considerations for Infants/Children Retractions Above the clavicles and between & below the ribs Nasal Flaring Respiratory Distress Increased work of breathing Sensation of shortness of breath Respiratory Failure The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life Respiratory Arrest Patient Assessment Rate Rhythm Quality 12-20Regular Depth (minute volume) None Too Fast Too Slow Airway management: Unconscious Open Airway Airway Adjunct Breathe Mouth to Mask with O2 BVM with O2 Airway adjunct Airway Suction Airway Adjuncts Op airway Np airway Airway devices Combi Tube King Airway Suctioning Conscious Oxygen Therapy Nasal Canulae Non-Rebreather Oxygen Therapy (administration) Examples requiring O2 administration: Respiratory or cardiac arrest Heart attack Stroke Shock Blood loss Lung disease Broken bones Head injuries Hypoxia An insufficiency of oxygen to the body’s tissues Smoke Inhalation Emphysema Stoke Heart Attack Cyanosis AMS Brain is deprived of oxygen Restlessness
