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KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum
Mandibulata
Members of the
Phylum Arthropoda
The segmented bodies are arranged into
regions, called tagmata (e.g., head,
thorax, abdomen).
The paired appendages (e.g., legs,
antennae) are jointed.
They posses a chitinous exoskeleton
that must be shed during growth.
They have bilateral symmetry.
The nervous system is ventral (belly) and
the circulatory system is closed/open
and dorsal (back).
Three Major Subphylum
The arthropods are divided into three
subphyla that exist today:
Chelicerata , Mandibulata, Crustacea
Mandibulata Characteristics:
Mouthparts are mandibles normally chewing
sideways
One or two pairs of antennae
Various body region arrangements depending
on species
– cephalothorax & abdomen
– head & trunk
– head, thorax & abdomen
Variable leg numbers
Includes insects, chilopoda, & diplopoda
Review of Zoological
Nomenclature
Taxonomic Categories
Kingdom - Animalae
Phylum – Arthropoda
Subphylum - Mandibulata
Class - Insecta
Order - Coleoptera
Family - Scarabaeidae
Genus - Popillia
Genus & species
Popillia japonica Newman
Class Insects
Insects are the largest group of
Arthropods
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Three body regions
– head, thorax, and abdomen
One pair antenna (head)
Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax)
One-two pairs of wings
(thorax)
Count the Legs!
There are ALWAYS SIX legs, and they are attached
to the THORAX
Antenna
One Pair on head
Jointed
Sensory (smell)
Called “feelers”
Filiform most
common shape
(segments = size)
May be modified
FILIFORM
Antenna
Modifications
Wings or No Wings
Most adults have 2
pairs
Called forewings
and hindwings
Some insects are
wingless (silverfish,
fleas, some termites
and ants)
More on Wings
A network of Veins strengthens wings
MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS
Some Wings Are Covered
With Powdery Scales
BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS
Wings May Be Modified
Order Diptera
(flies)
2nd pair of wings
modified into
HALTERES
Used for balance
Makes flies hard
to catch!
Beetle Wings
ELYTRA
• Hard Forewing called
Elytra
• Meet in straight line
down the abdomen
• Membranous
hindwings folded
underneath (flight)
Order Coleoptera
• Called beetles
• Tough
exoskeleton
• Forewings
called Elytra
•Fly with
membranous
hindwings
•Larva called
grubs
Cucumber beetle
Ladybird beetle
Rhinoceros
beetle
Order Diptera
Contains
mosquitoes & flies
One pair
functional wings Green Bottle fly
Club-shaped
halteres for balance
Bodies often hairy
Hover Fly
Aedes Mosquito
Fruit Fly
Order Orthoptera
Grasshoppers,
locusts, crickets,
katydids
Very long bodies
Rear legs modified
for jumping
Females with egg
laying tube
(ovipositor on end of
abdomen)
Often communicate
with chirping sounds
Order Lepidoptera
Moths, butterflies, &
skippers
Siphoning mouthparts
coiled under head
Powdery scales on
wings
Butterflies fold wings
flat above body at rest
Moths are night active
Important plant
pollinators
Order Hymenoptera
Bees, ants, wasps
Carpenter
Narrow waist
bee
connects thorax &
abdomen
Abdomen curved
downward
May have stinger
on end of abdomen
Red
ant
Yellow jacket
Insect Anatomy
Chelicerata Characteristics:
Pincher-like mouthparts (chelicerae)
and pedipalps
NO antennae
Two body regions, usually cephalothorax & abdomen
Four pairs of legs
Horseshoe crabs and arachnids are the
only living groups.
Arachnids include scorpions,
pseudoscorpions, daddy long-legs, mites
& ticks, spiders
Scorpion Anatomy
chelicerae
eyes
pedipalp
Pseudoscorpion
Spider Anatomy
pedipalp
chelicera (fang)
cephalothorax
narrow wais
abdomen
Jumping Spider
Abdomen
Cephalothorax
Chelicera (fang)
Pedipalp
Wolf spider with egg case
Tarantula
Spitting spider
Orb-weaving spider
Black widow with egg case
Brown recluse
Crustacean Anatomy
Classes of Crustacea
• mostly
marine, fresh water, a few terrestrial
• all have two pair of antennae
• five or more pairs of legs
• segmented abdominal appendages
• head & trunk or cephalothorax & abdomen body
arrangement
• have gills
Sowbugs or pillbugs
Sand fleas
Barnacles
Crabs, lobster, shrimp
Crayfish cephalothorax
(Decapoda)
Sowbug (Isopoda),
a terrestrial crustacean
Classes of Myriapods
(many legged arthropods)
(all have one pair of antennae, a head region, and trunk
with many pairs of legs, use trachea)
Diplopoda - millipedes
Chilopoda - centipedes
Myriapods
one pair of antennae
head & trunk regions
trunk with many pairs of legs
Millipede (Diplopoda)
Two pair of legs per visible segment,
attached under body.
Centipede (Chilopoda)
Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per
visible segment - attached to side of body.
No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.
Millipede (Diplopoda)
Centipede (Chilopoda)
Garden centipede
Orders of Arachnids
Scorpions
Pseudoscorpions
Daddy Long-Legs
Mites & Ticks
Spiders
Pseudoscorpion
Scorpion
Daddy-long-legs
Tick
(a mite)
Wolf
Spider
Mite and Tick Body Regions
pedipalps &
chelicerae
cephalothorax
abdomen
American dog tick male
Blacklegged (deer) tick female
American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).
Clover mites
Twospotted spider mites
Predatory mite
daddy long-legs
cephalothorax
abdomen