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Alcohol Metabolism Break Down and Removal Small Amounts Unmetabolized (10%) Sweat Urine Breath 1st Pass Metabolism Occurs in the Stomach Gender Differences Exist: Men have a > level of ADH than women Early metabolism translates to lower BAC levels 2nd Pass Metabolism Occurs in the Liver 1st liver enzyme--Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)-----> Acetaldehyde 2nd liver enzyme--Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase----> Acetic Acid Acetic Acid oxidized by body organs----> CO2 + H2O Blood Alcohol Concentration THE RATIO OF ALCOHOL IN THE BLOOD TO THE TOTAL VOLUME OF BLOOD EXPRESSED AS A PERCENT THE PERSUMPTIVE LEVEL OF INTOXICATION = .10% FOR A 160 LB. INDIVIDUAL EACH DRINK = .02% *note size PROBLEM If an individual weighing 160 lbs. consumes 2 drinks per hour, what will his/her BAC level be at the end of that time? SOLUTION Hour 1: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 = .02% Hour 2: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 + .02 = .04% Hour 3: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 + .04 = .06% Hour 4: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 + .06 = .08% Hour 5: .02 + .02 = .04 - .02 + .06 = .10% DUI ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: • IRRITANT • INCREASING AMOUNTS IMPEDE OR STOP DIGESTION • PYLORIC VALVE MAY BE EFFECTED “STUCK” ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • MINOR EFFECTS • HEARTBEAT & BLOOD PRESSURE LITTLE EFFECT • VASODILATOR OF SURFACE VESSELS • BODY HEAT LOSS (HYPOTHERMIA) ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY KIDNEYS • INCREASED URINE OUTPUT • CONSUMING LARGE QUANTITIES OF LIQUID • REDUCES THE PITUITARY HORMONE ADH (ANTIDIRURETIC HORMONE) ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY LIVER • ELIMINATES LIVER PRODUCTION OF GLUCOSE CREATING HYPOGLYCEMIA • BRAIN DEPRIVED OF PROPER NOURISHMENT • WEAKNESS, NERVOUSNESS, SWEATY, HEADACHE, TREMORS • FATTY LIVER ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY WHITE BLOOD CELLS • ACUTE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION SUCH AS BINGE DRINKING HAS A DIRECT EFFECT ON: • WBC RESERVES • CHEMOTAXIS • WBC ADHERENCE TO BACTERIA ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 dk/hr BAC .02 little change 2 dk/hr BAC .05 drinker high, judgement center of brain affected, inhibitions lowered 3 dk/hr BAC .10 judgement is nil, muscle coordination depressed, stagger, slur speech ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY 10 dk/hr BAC .20 emotions erractic, poor memory 1 pint/hr BAC .25 - .30 stuporus, judgement long gone, coordination wiped out, sensory perception almost gone 1.25 pints/hr BAC .40 coma, brain center which controls heart & lungs partially anesthetized ALCOHOL’S EFFECT ON THE BODY .40 - .50 coma .60 death