Download Blood - Everglades High School

Circulatory System
Blood
Blood
• In general, the blood is a fluid tissue helping
to maintain homeostasis for all cells in the
body.
• Transport of needed substances to body
cells. (oxygen, amino acids, glucose, fatty
acids, glycerol, salts, etc.)
• Transport of wastes from cells. (urea, water,
carbon dioxide in the form of the
bicarbonate ion)
• Helps to maintain a constant body
temperature
• Aids the body in fighting disease
Composition of blood
• Blood transports materials
through out the body inside
blood vessels.
• Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells
– plasma
• liquid part of blood
• dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and
more
– cells
• red blood cells (RBC)
– transport O2 in hemoglobin
• white blood cells (WBC)
– defense & immunity
• platelets
– blood clotting
Plasma
• Straw colored,
nonliving part of
blood.
• 90% Water
• Helps to regulate
body temperature
• Contains Electrolytes
• Plasma transports
blood cells, products
of digestion and
hormones throughout
the body.
How much blood is in the human
body?
• About 5 liters
 About 7 % of your body mass
 About 4.5- 5.6 Liters in an adult human
 Men = 5.6 Liters
 Women = 4.5 Liters
 Pregnant woman = 5.0 Liters
The Functions of Blood
-
Delivers:
Picks Up:
Nutrients
- waste  kidneys
Oxygen, Water,
- carbon dioxide lungs
minerals
Hormones and enzymes
- heat  skin
Pollutants
Erythrocytes
Red Blood cells:
• Shaped like round plates indented in the center.
• Have no nucleus when mature
• Most numerous
• Smaller than white blood cells
• Produced in the red marrow of long
bones
• Destroyed in the liver and spleen
• Contains the iron protein compound HEMOGLOBIN
whose chief function is to combine with oxygen and
carry it to cells
Why is blood red?
• Blood is red because
it contains
hemoglobin and iron
rich pigment.
What does hemoglobin do
• Hemoglobin picks up
the oxygen molecules
and drops off CO2
• 250,000 hemoglobins
in 1 red blood cell
Carbon Monoxide
• Binds to RBC better
than oxygen.
• Not good
• Kills us silently
• Cant smell it or taste
it.
Anemia
• Occurs when the
blood does not have
enough hemoglobin.
• Treated by taking in
more iron
• Because iron makes
up hemoglobin
Leukocytes
White blood cells
• Fight infections by forming antibodies or engulfing
bacteria
• Large in size, several different types
• Have a nucleus
• Phagocyte
• About 8,000 per drop of blood
• Most are formed in the bone marrow
or in the lymph tissue
Phagocytes
• Engulf bacteria and viruses by
phagocytosis
• Able to leave the bloodstream and move
between the cells of the body
by squeezing through the
capillary walls
Lymphocytes
• Produce antibodies which clump bacterial
poisons or bacteria (antigens)
– Antigens: foreign substances in the body
Platelets
•
•
•
•
Smallest part of blood
No nucleus
Live 2-4 days
Involved in clotting of
blood
• Creates fibrin
– Enzyme that helps clot
blood
Blood Clotting
• Involves a series of
enzyme controlled
reactions resulting in
the formation of protein
fibers that trap blood
cells and form a clot
chemical
emergency
signals
Blood Clotting
platelets
seal the hole
protein fibers
build the clot
What’s wrong with this picture?
Sickle Cell Anemia
• Genetic disease
• Red blood cells
become sickle shape
• Cant carry as much
oxygen
Malaria
• Disease that attacks
the RBC.
• Causes high fever
• If you have sickle cell
shaped RBC can not
get the disease.
Leukemia
• Form of cancer in
which the bone
marrow makes too
many white blood
cells.