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What does the heart do? • Part A: Write down some thoughts • 1) pumps blood to the body • 2) collects blood that goes through a series of systems, and then goes all throughout the body. • 3) keeps the body alive, because our body needs nutrients—consistently have blood pumping. 1 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 What does the heart do? • Part A: Write down some thoughts • The heart pumps blood into your veins, • Regulates your blood throughout the body, • Keeps body stable and ready to function, • Pumping non stop, helps to maintain homeostasis, transports nutrients 2 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Draw the path of blood between the heart and body. 3 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Draw the path of blood between the heart and body. 4 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 I WORK OUT!!!! Homeostasis Lab Period 5: 5 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 I WORK OUT!!!! Homeostasis Lab Period 6: 6 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 From your coloring on Friday: • In section E on the heart doodle sheet: • Describe what the right side of the heart does. • Describe what the left side of the heart does. • Why does the heart needs valves? 7 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 The flow of the blood: Systemic (Body) Pulmonary (Lungs) 8 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Draw the path of blood between the heart and body. 9 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Draw the path of blood between the heart and body. 10 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 What is the main job then of the circulatory system? Left side on the heart coloring paper • Main job: Circulate blood throughout entire body for Transport of oxygen to cells Transport of CO2 away from cells Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells Movement of immune system components (cells, antibodies) Transport of endocrine gland secretions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA0Wb3gc4mE 11 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 What are the parts of the circulatory system? Write this in part E 12 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 What are the parts of the circulatory system? Write this in part E 13 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 What are the Parts? • Heart • Blood Vessels Arteries Away from Heart Veins to Heart Diffusion happens in capillaries (oxygen, CO2, glucose diffuse in or out of blood) • Blood 14 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Types of Blood Vessels • • • Arteries -Carry blood away from the Heart -The Aorta is the largest artery Veins -Carry blood to the Heart -Veins contain valves -The Vena Cava is the largest vein Capillaries -Known as the “Distribution Pipes” 15 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 What is blood composed of? • Red Blood Cells -Carry oxygen/carbon dioxide -Contain Hemoglobin-a protein used to help keep oxygen/carbon dioxide in the red blood cells. • White Blood Cells -Attack bacteria & other invaders • Platelets -Control the blood clotting process 16 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Heart Chambers and Valves 17 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Putting it together, left side below heart coloring: • Describe how exercise will cause the heart to pump faster. Where does the blood go, how does it work through the body, and where does it end up to get the nutrients needed? • Words needed: arteries, veins, right side of the heart, left side of the heart, oxygen, carbon dioxide, red blood cells. 18 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 So what organs are involved in homeostasis? 21 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Structure of the lungs 23 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Gas exchange in the alveoli 24 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 • http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0035456775/student_view0/ chapter35/movement_of_oxygen_and_car bon_dioxide.html 25 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Artery/Vein differences Arteries Veins Direction of Blood Away from Blood to Heart flow Heart Pressure Higher Lower Walls Thicker Thinner Lumen (diameter) Valves Smaller Larger No valves Valves (see next) 26 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Capillaries • Microscopic--one cell layer thick • Network • Entire goal of C-V system is to get blood into capillaries where diffusion takes place 27 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Hepatic Portal System 28 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Blood Plasma • 97% Water • Other 3% -Antibodies and Proteins - Nutrients and Wastes 29 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 How the blood maintains homeostasis • Carries Oxygen out of the heart, Carbon Dioxide back to the heart. • Has to have a specific pH of 7.35-7.45 • What is pH? What does too much Carbon Dioxide do? • Acid range: • Base range: • Neutral range: • Blood range: • What happens when Carbon Dioxide builds up? 30 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 pH Scale • We use this scale to measure the concentration of an acid or base. • pH is defined as the –log[H+] • pH can use the concentration of hydronium ions or hydrogen ions. 31 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 pH of Common Substances Average Blood pH = 7.4 Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335 32 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 By-product of respiration CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ HCO3- + H + ↔ CO32- + 2H+ carbonic acid bicarbonate carbonate The addition of CO2 makes blood acidic 33 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Like exercise! The pH of the blood, Making it too acidic! Receive the info, that the pH is too low Your nervous system Your brain 34 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 35 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Your brain sends a message to the diaphragm When the pH returns to normal, homeostasis is restored! 36 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 37 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 How does this exchange in the alveoli maintain homeostasis? • Decide with your partner why this is important to homeostasis and write this in on your homeostasis side of your notes. 38 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 So the respiratory system’s main function is: • Talk with your partner, look back over your notes and decide what the respiratory’s main function is. 39 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Structures of the human lung 40 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Keeping the airways clear The walls of the trachea and bronchus contain goblet cells, which secrete mucus made of mucin. This traps microorganisms and debris, helping to keep the airways clear. The walls also contain ciliated epithelial cells, which are covered on one surface with cilia. These beat regularly to move microorganisms and dust particles along with the mucus. They contain many mitochondria to provide energy for the beating cilia. 41 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2009