Download Heart

What’s in the circulatory
system?
• 1. Heart 2. Blood vessels 3. Blood
• Myocardium – heart muscle that
pumps blood through the body
• Pericardium (‘peri’ = around;
‘cardi’ = refers to heart)
– Membranous sac surrounding the heart
Functions of the circulatory system…
DELIVER MATERIALS
Red Blood Cells – (Erythrocytes)
Red blood cells – carry Oxygen to the
body and pick up Carbon Dioxide.
Cells trade the Carbon Dioxide for
Oxygen in the LUNGS
What does oxygen do for us?
Oxygen helps our body to make energy
White Blood Cells – (Leukocytes)
Fight disease and foreign objects in
the body
Platelets – (Thrombocytes)
Assist in blood clotting
Plasma – strawcolored fluid; 90%
water – helps
control your body
temperature
Blood Vessels
Tubes that carry blood – capillaries, arteries and veins
1. Arteries
Carry blood away from the
heart
Valve
Muscle
2. Veins
Carry blood to the heart
3. Capillaries
Smallest vessels that are
very thin & allow oxygen
and carbon dioxide to pass
through the walls
• A buildup of plaque in the
arteries
• Plaque can detach, which
causes a blood clot
• If a clot falls away from the
arterial wall and moves
through the body, it is called
an embolism
• Dangerous! Can become
lodged and cut off the supply
of RBC’s, which cuts off O2
High Blood Pressure
• Heart produces pressure on the
arteries when it contracts
• We measure the pressure exerted by
the heart when it contracts
(systolic pressure) and when it
relaxes (diastolic pressure)
• Systolic / Diastolic
• Normal for teens and adults is
120/80 or below
• Sphygmomanometer
Measuring Your Pulse
• “Pulse” measures number of
heartbeats
– At rest is 60 – 100 BPM
– Well-trained athletes can have
a heart rate around 40 BPM
• Activity/ Fitness level, Air
temperature, Body position,
Emotions, Body size,
Medication use
• Use carotid artery or radial
artery
Heart rate:
1,250 BPM
Heart – has 4 chambers
Ventricle - lower chambers of the heart
Atrium - upper chambers of the heart
Right and left sides from specimen’s viewpoint
Pacemaker - small bundle of cells in the right atrium that
starts each heartbeat
Coronary arteries
are the arteries
that give the
cardiac muscle
oxygen
Why would the
heart need oxygen?
When plaque blocks a
coronary artery the heart
muscle is not able to make
enough energy and you
have a heart attack
What do you think causes
the plaque to build up?
Cardiovascular disease has
been linked to smoking &
high cholesterol
In heart bypass surgery the blockage in the coronary
artery is bypassed
A vein is taken from the leg and is connected to the aorta
and then to a place beyond the blockage.
Angioplasty – where a balloon
is blown up in side an artery.
The balloon pushes the plaque
to the sides, so the passage is
clear.
Deflated
balloon in
artery
Balloon pushes plaque
against artery wall
It’s much easier to prevent heart
disease than to cure it.
Prevention starts at a
young age – eat
healthy, exercise,
don’t smoke, and
keep yourself away
from secondhand
smoke
Respiratory System
Gas Exchange
Path of the Upper Respiratory System:
1. Air enters the mouth or nose (preferably)
2. Air continues down the pharynx past the
larynx (voice box) and into the trachea
(windpipe)
3. The lower end of the trachea splits into 2
bronchi
Lower Respiratory:
4. The bronchi split
off into several
bronchioles
5. At the end of each
bronchiole there is an
air sac  ALVEOLI
Trachea
Blood cells
with
Oxygen
Capillaries
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Oxygen in
CO2 out
Blood
cells with
CO2
The air sac is made up
of several alveoli
The alveoli have
capillaries wrapped
around them
When you inhale, muscles in between your ribs contract and the diaphragm (a muscle below
your lungs) contracts
When you exhale the muscles in between your ribs relax and the diaphragm relaxes
Asthma - respiratory disease in which certain airways in the lungs become constricted
Bronchitis – mucous accumulates in the bronchioles and does not allow as much air to pass
through
Emphysema – the alveoli lose their elasticity
Pneumonia – the alveoli fill with liquid (pus, mucous etc)