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Nicotine and Tobacco Use
The harmful effects of smoking
What’s in a Cigarette?
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Nicotine- can cause physical or psychological
dependence; is the addictive drug in tobacco leaves
Nicotine is classified as a stimulant, which can
increase the action of the CNS.
Carcinogens- cancer-causing substance
Tar- thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco
burns
Carbon monoxide- colorless, odorless, and poisonous
gas; can be absorbed more easily than oxygen
Short-term effects of smoking
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Respiratory System
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Peripheral Nervous System
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Decreases the levels of the hormone involved in preventing blood clotting
Decreases release of fluid from pancreas, increase the levels of sugar in blood
Cardiovascular System
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Decreases the response level of some reflexes
Endocrine System
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Harmful particles settle in air passages, causes coughing, shortness of breath
Increase in heart rate and blood pressure, increase in volume of blood pumped
per beat, increase force of heart contractions, narrows blood vessels in skin,
narrows veins
Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Changes brain wave patterns (addiction, withdrawal)
Long-term effects of smoking
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Chronic bronchitis is repeated tobacco use that
causes damage to the cilia in the bronchi.
Emphysema destroys the air sacs within the
lungs. The air sacs become less elastic and
make it difficult to breath.
Lung Cancer
Coronary heart disease and stroke; decrease
circulation
Preventing Tobacco Use
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Choose friends that do not use tobacco
Avoid situations in which tobacco is being
used (think back to ‘saying no’)
Practice and use refusal skills
Risks for smokers and non-smokers
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Environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand
smoke)
Mainstream smoke is the smoke exhaled from
the lungs of the smoker
Side-stream smoke is the smoke from the
burning end of a cigarette
Smokeless Tobacco
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Tobacco that can be taken into the body
through the nose or mouth.
Smokeless tobacco can produce chemicals that
can be absorbed into the body 3x’s faster than
a cigarette
Leukoplakia- thick, white, leathery-looking
spots in the mouth that can develop into oral
cancer
Nicotine Substitutes
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Manufactured forms of nicotine that deliver
small amounts of the drug into the system
Less use of the substitute is needed over time
Nicotine substitutes comes in many forms:
gum, patch, nasal spray, prescription pill.
Without a substitute a smoker may go through
withdrawal.
List the symptoms of withdrawal
Tips to Quit
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Set a date to quit and stick with it
Throw all the tobacco products away
Decide on the approach you will take to quit
Set short-term and long-term goals
Set up a support system
Reward yourself
Benefits of Quitting
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Improved cardio- respiratory endurance
Breathe easier
Reduce the chance of cancer, heart disease, or
stroke
Freedom from addiction
Save money
Changes in the body after quitting
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Heart rate returns to normal
Carbon monoxide levels in blood return to
normal
Lung function begins to improve
Coughing and shortness of breath begin to
decrease
Risks of cancer and COPD decrease