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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
•
The process of breathing is called RESPIRATION
–
FUNCTION: Supplies O2 to enable ENERGY to be released
Removes CO2 from the body
Information/Discussion
•
Structures of the respiratory system and gaseous exchange
Practical Application
Air containing O2 is INHALED into the lungs
Air containing CO2 is EXHALED from the lungs
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
1.
Air enters through the NOSE and MOUTH.
2.
Passes down the TRACHEA into the BRONCI (through the BRONCHIOLES),
and ends up at tiny air sacs called ALVEOLI.
3.
Each alveoli has thin walls and is surrounded by a blood vessel called a
CAPILLARY.
4.
GASEOUS EXCHANGE takes place - O2 is diffused into the blood and travels in
the blood to the working muscles. At the same time CO2 diffuses into the alveoli
and is breathed out.
5.
To draw air into the body (INSPIRATION) the lungs must increase in size. This
occurs because the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES and the DIAPHRAGM contract.
This decreases the air pressure inside the lungs, causing air to rush in.
6.
To expel air from the body (EXPIRATION) the lungs return to their original size
(relax) – which decreases the size of the thoracic cavity. The decreased volume
and increased air pressure in the lungs forces air out.
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
Deoxygenated blood brings
carbon dioxide from the
body cells to the alveoli
Information/Discussion
Oxygen diffuses
through the walls of
the alveoli into the
capillaries
Oxygen is
breathed in
Carbon dioxide
is breathed out
Oxygenated
blood carries
oxygen to the
body cells
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Carbon dioxide diffuses
through the walls of the
capillaries into the alveoli
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
LUNG CAPACITY
RESPIRATORY RATE – How many breaths taken in 1 minute
TIDAL VOLUME – Amount of air taken in or out with EACH BREATH
MINUTE VOLUME – Amount of air breathed in, in 1 minute
Information/Discussion
MINUTE VOLUME = TIDAL VOLUME × RESPIRATORY RATE
Practical Application
• As exercise intensity increases so does minute volume
Links
• This is to supply the body with sufficient oxygen for increased energy demands
• There is also a need to dispel more CO2 as exercise gets harder
Diagram/Table
• Minute volume can increase from around 6 litres/min at rest to 28 litres/min for
exercise
• Some elite athletes can go up to 36 litres/min
Activity
• When exercise stops or becomes less intense their minute volume will slowly
adjust back down accordingly
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
LUNG CAPACITY
The extra oxygen needed with intense exercise is provided by:
1) Breathing more deeply
2) Increasing rate of breathing
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
3) Both
VITAL CAPACITY –
is the maximum amount of air that can be breathed out
after breathing in as deeply as you can.
RESIDUAL VOLUME – the lungs are never completely empty, the air that is left
is the residual volume.
Diagram/Table
TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY = VITAL CAPACITY + RESIDUAL VOLUME
Activity
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SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
LUNG VOLUMES
• Under normal resting conditions, we breathe approximately 16 times per
minute – taking in 0.5 litres of air (TIDAL VOLUME)
• During vigorous exercise, the breathing rate may exceed 40 breaths per
minute – taking in 2.2 litres of air.
Information/Discussion
An example of a spirometer trace:
Practical Application
6
Links
3.4
3
Diagram/Table
1.5
Activity
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SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
VO2 Max
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
• It is the maximum amount of oxygen taken in, transported
and used in one minute
• VO2 will vary depending on the demands of the activity
• The fitter athlete will be able to make much greater use of
oxygen that is inhaled – a better MAXIMUM AEROBIC
CAPACITY
• A predictor of aerobic fitness
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
Effects of Exercise on the System
Although breathing becomes more rapid during exercise, the
speed with which this occurs depends upon the amount of
physical activity the individual is used to.
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
After physical activity has taken place the sportsperson will
continue to breathe deeply for some time. This is to remove
any oxygen debt that may have developed. A well-trained,
fitter person, however, will revert to normal breathing faster
than an untrained person. This is due to their more efficient
breathing mechanisms.
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
Effects of Exercise on the System
Effects of training on the respiratory system:
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
the size of the chest increases
the amount that the chest can expand increases
the breathing rate at rest gets slower
the capillary web around the alveoli is increased
more alveoli are ready to pass gases to and from the blood
the exchange of gas is improved
inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes increase
tidal volume increases during exercise
Activity
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SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 – Practical Application
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
• At rest, group can watch each other to identify depth and rate of
breathing.
• At exercise: i) After 2 minutes
ii) After 15 minutes
Group can watch each other to identify
changes in depth and rate of breathing
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
This can initiate discussion
Links
Tidal volume/ Minute volume/ Intensity of Exercise
Diagram/Table
Movement of abdomen/ chest - diaphragm
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 – Practical Application
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
• Use MULTI-STAGE FITNESS TEST as an indicator of Aerobic – capacity
– explain VO2
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
• Mapping oxygen from the air via the lungs to muscles in the body
• Discuss gaseous exchange with group
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Links
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Cardiovascular system
Aerobic/ Anaerobic system
Energy continuum
Training zones
Intensity/ duration of exercise
Short term effects of exercise on the systems of the body
Long term effects of exercise on the systems of the body
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Activity
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
1.
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Complete the following by filling in the blanks:
Every cell in the body needs to _____________ or it will die. Respiration means it needs to
take in _____________ and get rid of _____________________. The cells need the
______________ to produce _________________. The oxygen is breathed in as part of the
air. The ________________ enters through the ______________________, passes down
the __________________ into the ______________ through the ________________ and
finally ends up at the tiny air sacs called ___________. Each ______________ has thin walls
and is surrounded by a thin blood vessel called a ________________. This helps the process
of _______________________. This means that ____________________diffuses into the
_____________ and travels in the blood to the working __________________. At the same
time ______________________ diffuses into the alveoli and is ________________.
BRONCHI
OXYGEN
BREATHED OUT
Activity
BLOOD
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
TRACHEA
BRONCHIOLES
NOSE & MOUTH
MUSCLES
AIR
ENERGY
OXYGEN
CARBON DIOXIDE RESPIRE ALVEOLI
CARBON DIOXIDE
CAPILLARY
OXYGEN
ALVEOLUS
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Activity
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
2. Define the following terms:
Respiratory Rate
Tidal Volume
Minute Ventilation
Information/Discussion
3. Make up a simple equation that links the three terms above.
Practical Application
Links
4. What is VO2 Max.
Diagram/Table
5. What is the advantage to a football or hockey midfield player of
having a high VO2 Max?
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Activity
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
6.
Complete the following diagram for Gaseous Exchange.
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 - Activity
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
7.
Name TWO functions of the Respiratory System.
8.
How does the body provide the extra O2 needed for exercise?
Information/Discussion
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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UNIT 1 – Key Facts/ Glossary
The Function of the Cardio-Respiratory System in
Facilitating and Improving Movement
RESPIRATION
FUNCTION
O2
CO2
IN
OUT
Information/Discussion
MECHANICS - Gaseous Exchange
Practical Application
Links
• Tidal Volume - Minute Volume - Respiratory Rate
• Vital Capacity - Residual Volume
Diagram/Table
Activity
• VO2 Max
• Effects of Exercise on Respiratory System
Revision
SECTION B
GCSE Physical Education
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