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CIRCULATION THE PROBLEM • INTERNAL TRANSPORT – Gases – Nutrients, Wastes – Hormones • Rate of Diffusion – Q = DA (C1 - C2) X THE SOLUTION: PATTERNS OF CIRCULATION No Specific Structures Open Circulation Closed Circulation THE GAME PLAN.... REDUCE DISTANCE FOR DIFFUSION MAXIMIZE SURFACE AREA Q = DA (C1-C2) X How to circulate substances? No Specialized Circulatory System Porifera Porifera Life style Distance for diffusion Area for diffusion Habitat No Specialized Circulatory System Cnidaria Gastrovascular Cavity Life style Distance for diffusion Area for diffusion Habitat No Specialized Circulatory System Platyhelminthes Gastrovascular Cavity Surface area Distance for diffusion Life Style Habitat OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Mollusca OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Arthropoda OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CHORDATA: TUNICATE CLOSED SYSTEM Annelida Squid, Octopus Vertebrates Mammalian Circulation • A main propulsive organ which forces blood around the body. • Arterial system which acts to distribute blood and to maintain pressure. • Capillaries in which transfer between blood and tissues occurs. • Venous system which acts as a blood volume reservoir and as a way to return blood to heart.