Download Personal Growth & Human Development

Personal Growth & Human
Development
South Junior High - 8th Grade Health
Mr. Heitkamp
Anatomical Position
 Provides a standard
reference.
 The body is face up,
or forward.
 The arms are at the
side.
 Feet are forward.
 Palms are forward.
Anatomical Position
 Directional terms:
 This allows for specific placement on the
body.
 To say that something is above or below
would depend on the placement of the body.
 With the anatomical position and these main
directional terms, there is no more guess
involved.
Directional Terminology
(Use Your Terminology Mapping Packet for All Terminology)
Ventral
Toward the front or belly.
The heart is ventral to the
spinal cord.
Dorsal
Toward the back or spine.
The spinal cord is dorsal to
the heart.
Anterior
More toward the ventral
side.
The sternum (breast bone)
is anterior to the heart.
Posterior
More towards the dorsal
side.
The optic nerve of the eye
is posterior to the eye ball.
Directional Terminology
(Use Your Terminology Mapping Packet for All Terminology)
Superior
Above.
The heart is superior to the
diaphragm.
Inferior
Below.
The liver is inferior to the
diaphragm.
Medial
Toward the middle line of
the body.
The heart is medial to the
lungs.
Lateral
Away from the middle line
of the body.
The eyes are lateral to the
nose.
Directional Terminology
(Use Your Terminology Mapping Packet for All Terminology)
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
Closer to the point of
attachment.
The elbow is proximal to
the wrist.
Farther from the point of
attachment.
The finger nails are at the
distal ends of the fingers.
Closer to the surface of the
body.
The skin is superficial to
the muscles.
Farther from the body
surface.
The bones are deep to the
muscles.
Directional Terminology
 Exit Ticket for the Day!
 On a separate sheet of paper, write 10
sentences describing where different parts of
the body are at, in relation to another.
 You must use the directional terminology that
we just used!
 Put your name on it and keep it until the end
of class.
The Systems of the Body
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Nervous System
Circulatory System
Respiratory System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Integumentary System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Endocrine System
Immune System
Reproductive System
The Nervous System
 The body system for
communication and
control.
 The 3 main parts are:
 Brain
 Spinal Cord
 Spinal Nerves
*Alcohol and other
depressant drugs will
slow the functions of
the nervous system
Circulatory System
 The body system that
transports oxygen,
food, and waste - to
and from the cells of
the body.
 Circulatory system is
made up of:
 Blood
 Blood Vessels
 Heart
Respiratory System
 The system of the
body that provides
the body with oxygen
and removes carbon
dioxide.
 System is mainly
made up of the lungs
and bronchial tubes.
Skeletal System
 The body system that
is made up from
bones and provide a
support framework.
 This body system has
many roles, with
protecting organs,
muscles, and
providing a means for
movement.
Muscular System
 The body system
made up of skeletal
muscle that provide
movement.
 Also helps maintain
posture.
 What is a big type of
exercise that you can
do to maintain your
muscles?
Integumentary System
 The body system that covers and
protects the body.
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Skin
Hair
Nails
Glands
*What are the A, B, C, D’s for recognition of
skin cancer?
Digestive System
 System of the body that
breaks down food so that
the body can use it for
energy.
 Tips for easier digestion:
 Smaller bites
 Chew food well
 Eat slower
 Eat fiber
 Exercise
 List 4 Fiber Rich
Foods!
Urinary System
 System of the body
that removes excess
liquid.
 3 main body organs:
 Bladder
 Kidneys
 Urethra
*Drink 6-8 8oz. Glasses
daily.
*Eat fruits and
vegetables.
Endocrine System
 System of the body that
is made up of the glands
and produced hormones.
 Hormones - Regulate
body activities.
 Reproductive Glands:
 Testes produce
testosterone and sperm
in males,
 Ovaries produce
estrogen and ova, or
eggs, in women.
Immune System
 System of the body that
removes harmful
organisms and fights
pathogens from the body.
 The body will produce
antibodies, which
remember how to get rid
of certain illnesses.
*This is why you
generally only get chicken
pox one time in your life.
Body Systems Vocabulary
Concentration
Work in groups of no more than 3.
Page 112 in text book.
You must choose 5 words from each column.
Each group needs 40 index cards.
Follow all other rules to the game from the
book.
 Winner of each group earns a Hi-Five.
 If you finish early, trade your cards with another
group that is also finished, or quietly read a
book.
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Female Reproductive
Organs
 Organs of the female body that are
involved in the process of having a child.
 All organs are internal.
 Organs are delicate and must be
protected.
 One of the main reasons as to why a women
carries more body fat as compared to men.
Male Reproductive Organs
 Organs of the male body that are
involved in producing a child.
 Organs of the male reproductive system
are both internal and external.
 Temperature is a big factor in the heath of some of
these organs, making it necessary to have them
regulated outside of the body.
• Ovaries - 2 glands that produce estrogen and ova, the
female reproductive cells (eggs).
• Fallopian Tube - Tube for allowing the egg to pass to the
uterus.
• Uterus - A muscular organ that receives and supports a fertilized egg.
• Cervix - The lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina.
• Vagina - Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the
body.
Female Secondary Sex
Characteristics
 Secondary Sex Characteristics - The
physical and emotional changes that
occur during puberty.
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Increase in height
Increase in perspiration
Growth of underarm hair
Growth of pubic hair
Increase in breast size
Widening of hips
Increase in size of reproductive organs
Menstruation
Formation of mature ova (eggs)
Female Menstrual Cycle
 Cycles may vary, but
on average it will last
28 days.
 Throughout the
cycle, there will be a
series of 4 stages
that will take place.
Female Menstrual Cycle
 Days 1-13: Cycle begins
with a menstrual flow
lasting 5-7 days. At this
time a new egg is
maturing in the ovary.
 Day 14: Ovulation
occurs. The mature egg
is released from an ovary
into the fallopian tube.
 One egg per cycle, &
the ovaries
alternate.
Female Menstrual Cycle
• Days 15-20: The egg
travels through the
fallopian tube.
• Day 21: The egg
enters the uterus. If
the egg goes
unfertilized, the
uterine lining breaks
down and
menstruation occurs
about 7 days later.
Female Menstrual Cycle
 Healthy girls can have their first
menstrual cycle anywhere from age 9 to
16.
 Nothing unusual to have an “early” or
“late” first cycle.
 It may take many years for a young
women’s cycle to be “regular”.
•Penis - Male sex organ used for reproduction and urination.
• Scrotum - Sac-like pouch that holds testes and regulates
temperature.
• Testes - 2 glands that produce testosterone and sperm cells.
• Epididymis - Structure on top of the testes where sperm
mature.
• Vas Deferens - 2 long, thin tubes that act as passageways for
sperm.
• Seminal Vesicles - Small glands that secrete fluid rich in sugar that
nourish sperm and allow them to move.
• Prostate Gland - Gland that produces a fluid to help keep sperm alive.
• Cowper’s Gland - 2 small glands that secrete fluid into the urethra
• Urethra - Small, narrow tube through which urine and semen leave the body.
Male Secondary Sex
Characteristics
 Secondary Sex Characteristics - The
physical and emotional changes that
occur during puberty.
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Increase in height
Increase in perspiration
Growth of underarm hair
Growth in pubic hair
Broader shoulders
Deepening voice
Increase in muscle mass
Increase in size of reproductive organs
Formation of sperm
Health Concerns of the
Reproductive Organs
 Female:
 Infertility
 Toxic Shock Syndrome
 A rare bacterial infection due to use of a tampon for too
long.
 Cancer
 Breasts, Ovaries, Uterus, or Cervix
 Male:
 Testicular Cancer
 Most common in males 15-34
 Lance Armstrong
 Sterility
 Inability to produce healthy sperm.
What to Know About
Abstinence
 Abstinence - Choosing not to be sexually
active.
•What constitutes sexual activity?
•Sexual Intercourse
•Touching
•Some forms of kissing
•Oral Sex
What to Know About
Abstinence
 The only 100% way to 100% safe from
STI’s and Pregnancy.
 Other forms of birth control do fail.
 Human error comes into play with birth
control.
 Birth control prevents pregnancy, but
very few prevent STI’s
 The male and female condom are the only 2
that do both. Rest only attempt to prevent
birth.
What to Know About
Abstinence
•Abstinence protects you from:
•STI’s
•HIV, HPV, HBV, Herpes, Gonorrhea,
Chlamydia, Syphilis, etc.
•Pregnancy
•Guarantees self respect
•Respect from others
•Reputation
What to Know About
Abstinence
•How can you express your feelings?
•Limit you expressions of affection (hugging,
holding hands, kissing).
•Tell the other person your limits.
•Do not date a person who does not respect you.
•It’s your body - Forever
•It’s your decision
•Avoid drugs and alcohol.
•Do not date someone who drinks alcohol.
Human Development
Scavenger Hunt
 Please follow the directions found on the
worksheet.
 All information will be found in the notes
from what we have talked about thus far
or your textbook (pages 78-125).
 When finished, quietly read a book, or
complete work for another class.
Rape, Abuse, and Sexual
Abuse
 Abuse - Cruel and violent treatment of a
person.
Rape, Abuse, and Sexual
Abuse
 Sexual Abuse - Forcing a person to
engage in sexual activities of any kind,
against their will.
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Kissing
Hugging
Touching
Intercourse
Rape and Sexual Abuse
 Rape - Sexual Intercourse by force.
 This is a dangerous form of violence.
 This is also a very serious crime.
 Anytime 2 people have intercourse and one
of them does not agree, it is rape.
 Can rape occur between 2 people that are
married?
Rape and Sexual Abuse
 Rape - Sexual intercourse by force.
 If rape does occur, it needs to be reported
immediately.
 To the police
 Should see a doctor
 Physically OK
 Check for STI’s
 It has been found that a person would rather talk
to a doctor than to family. Why? (Embarrassed?
Confidential? Fear of being judged?)
 Usually 1/2 of all rape cases go unreported.
Rape and Sexual Abuse
 Date Rape - Rape that occurs during a
dating situation.
 A common drug used - Rohypnol.
 Amnesia - Loss of memory
 Muscle Relaxation
 Slowing of a psychomotor response.
 A type of drug called benzodiazepines are
also used (used to treat insomnia).
**Read the short article on Rohypnol & Date Rape and
answer the provided questions for discussion.
**Sit quietly until the class is ready to continue.
Rape and Sexual Abuse
 Acquaintance Rape - Rape by someone
who is known casually by the victim or
who is thought to be a friend.
Rape and Sexual Abuse
 Why do people rape others?
 Not because of sexual desire
 Satisfaction from forcing someone to do
something they do not want to do.
Rape and Sexual Abuse
 Preventative Behaviors:
 Have sexual limits and communicate them with
boyfriend or girlfriend.
 Do not drink or use drugs
 Do not ride along with someone you do not know well
 Do not put others feelings ahead of your safety
 Take a class in self-defense
 Do not open you door for someone you do not trust
 Use lock on doors and windows
 Do not use an elevator alone
 Do not hitchhike, or pick anyone up
 Do not park, walk, or jog in remote areas
 If you think you are being followed, hurry to an area
with others.
 If your car breaks down, lock it and stay inside.
Rape and Sexual Abuse
 Escaping and Surviving:
 Always try to get away
 Fight
 Scream and yell
 Run
 Try to catch the person off-guard
 Never assume that you cannot get away.
Rape and Sexual Abuse
 Help for Victims:
 If someone tells you they have been raped,
help them contact the police
 Help them get medical help
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Injuries
Pregnancy
STI’s
HIV
 Counseling and support groups
 The victim did not cause the rape to happen
and no one should make them feel ashamed.
Rape and Sexual Abuse
 Fact or Fiction?
 Number a sheet of paper 1 - 25.
 There are 25 statements about rape and
sexual abuse on individual note cards.
 You need to go around the room and read
each statement and decide if it is fact or if it
is fiction.
 Keep your answers to yourself, the person
with the most correct earns a Hi-5.
Human Growth & Development /
Rape and Sexual Abuse
THE END