Download Kingdom Animalia - Clayton High School

Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics,
Development, &
Diversity
Characteristics
 Multicellular,
Eukaryotic, Heterotrophic
 Ability to move at some point in life
cycle
 Cell Membrane only (no cell wall!)
 Cells have centrioles for division; most
animals reproduce sexually=DIVERSITY
 Animal Cells are specialized – they have
specific functions (digestion, respiration,
excretion, etc.).
Symmetry
(p. 187-188)
– DRAW PIC FIGURE 9.2
 Symmetry is when two or more
halves are a mirror image of each
other.
 Animals display asymmetry, radial
symmetry or bilateral symmetry
Asymmetry
There is no plane of symmetry.
Radial Symmetry
The two sides will be symmetrical at
any plane.
Bilateral Symmetry
There is only one plane of symmetry.
Development
 Sperm
+ Egg = fertilization
 Haploid
Development
 zygote=
a single diploid cell that
results from fertilization
 Diploid
Development
 (Pp.
164-169
and 188-191)
 Cell division
begins and a
hollow ball of
cells forms =
blastula
Development
 The
blastula
starts to cave in
and distinct
layers of cells
can be seen =
gastrula
Development
 Ectoderm
(outer layer) – develops
into the skin + nervous tissue
 Endoderm (inner layer) – develops
into the digestive system
 Mesoderm (middle layer) – develops
into muscles, circulatory, excretory,
and respiratory systems
GERM LAYER DVLPMT: P.189

DRAW AND LABEL FIGURE 9.3
Development Vocab (164-169)
 Germ
Layers
 Diploblastic
 Triploblastic
 Coelom
 Deuterostome
 Ectoderm
 Endoderm
 Mesoderm
 Protostome
 Acoelomate
 Pseudocoelomate
(LOOK @ P.190)
Vegetal pole
Animal pole
Cleavage furrow
Directional Terms
 Anterior
=
Towards the
head
Directional Terms
 Posterior
=
towards the
tail end of
an animal
Directional Terms
 Dorsal
= back/top side
Directional Terms
 Ventral
=
belly or
under side
Tissues

(P. 192-197)
 Connective
 Nervous
 Muscle
 Epithelial
Draw/Trace figure 9.7 b/c you need
to know where to find these
tissues.
Regulation of body temp.
 Ectotherms
–Take on the temperature of their
surroundings
–Control body temp. externally
–Many go dormant
Invertebrates, fish, amphibians,
reptiles
Endotherms
 Produce
heat as part of a metabolic
process
 Regulate and maintain body
temperature internally
 Raise temp to fight infections = fever
 Lower temp to be dormant =
hibernation
 Requires high metabolism and a lot of
food
exs. Birds & mammals
Reproduction
 Asexual
– one parent with no special
reproductive organs or cells.
Produces genetically identical copies
 Sexual
– involves two parents, each
of which contributes special germ
cells (gametes or sex cells) that
through fertilization form a new
individual.
Asexual Reproduction
 No
gametes
 No second parent
 Same genotype = clones (unless
mutations occur)
 Rapid reproduction
Asexual, cont.
 Define
these basic types and list a
few examples: (p. 139)
–Binary Fission
–Budding
–Gemmulation
–Fragmentation
Sexual Reproduction
 Production
of individuals from
gametes
 Define the basic types and list a few
examples(p. 139-141)
–Bisexual reproduction
–Hermaphrodites
–Parthogenesis
Sexual Reproduction,cont
Define
Pp 143-145
–Gametogenesis
–Spermatogenesis
–Oogenesis
Reproductive Patterns
 Define
the following and give an
example of an organism that does
each: (p.147)
–Oviparous
–Ovoviviparous
–Viviparous
Oviparous
 Eggs
develop and hatch outside
of the body
 Frogs – fertilize externally
 Salamanders – fertilize internally
and then lay the eggs
Ovoviviparous
 Fertilized
egg develops inside the
female, but obtains no nutrients
from the female itself.
 Obtains nourishment from yolk
 Stays in female until ready to
hatch
 Chickens, turtles, snakes
Viviparous
 Embryo
develops inside the body
of the mother (uterus)
 Nourishment comes from the
mother (placenta)
 Live Birth
 Humans, Chimpanzees