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Karl Landsteiner By: Evelyn Chavez and Jess Bautista Brief Biography • Born in Vienna on June 14, 1868. • Studied medicine at the University of Vienna and he graduated in 1891. • Became Professor of Pathological Anatomy in the University of Vienna in 1911. • Married Helen Wlasto and they had a son in 1916. • Became Emeritus Professor at the Rockefeller Institute in 1939. • Died on June 26, 1943; two days later after he had a heart attack. Process of Immunity • One of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity. • Focused much of his research around morbid anatomy and immunology. • Revealed new information regarding the immunology of syphilis and named the immunological factors haptens. • Laid the foundations for the cause and immunology of poliomyelitis. Process of Immunity (continued) • Identified the agents responsible for immune reactions, examined the interaction of antigens and antibodies, and studied allergic reactions in experimental animals • Discovered that some simple chemicals produced an immune response. • Near the end of his career in 1940, he and [Alexander Wiener] discovered the Rh factor, which helped save the lives of many fetuses with mismatched Rh factors from their mothers. Identifying Human Blood Types • In 1901, he discovered the blood groups. – In 1930, he was given the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for this discovery. • Landsteiner suggested that when the blood of a single individual human is transfused with that of another human being it might be the cause of shock, jaundice, and haemoglobinuria that had followed a number of previous attempts at blood transfusions. • He classified the bloods of human beings into the A, B, AB, and O groups in 1909. – He also demonstrated that the destruction of new blood cells do not occur when there are transfusions between individuals of groups A or B. New blood cells are actually destructed only when an individual is transfused with the blood of an individual belonging to a different group. • Landsteiner suggested that the blood groups can be used to decide instances of doubtful paternity. • He discovered the Rh-factor in blood with the help of Wiener. Bibliography • Karl Landsteiner – Biography. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved Sept 4 2012, from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/ 1930/landsteiner-bio.html • Karl Landsteiner. Pbs.org. 2002. Retrieved Sept 4 2012, from http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/innovators/bio_landsteine r.html • Karl Lansteiner. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. 2012. Retrieved Sept 4 2012, from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Landst einer.html