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Tissue Engineering uses a patients own cells on a replacement heart valve grown in the laboratory. This will mean that the patient will have a fully functioning heart valve, without the need for life-long medication and will suffer no immune response to the cells. Heart valves are lined with endothelial cells, which gives a nonthrombogenic coating. Therefore, a TE heart valve also needs to be lined with endothelial cells. Endothelial cells Endothelial cells can be differentiated from haematopoietic stem cells taken from a patients blood. This prevents any invasive procedures being carried out to obtain cells from patients. Click 2 of 3