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Immune System Day 3 Health can be squandered, but not stored up. Mason Cooley (b. 1927), Today’s Agenda Turn in your colored lymph node if you’ve not done so already. Progress reports Notes on immune system Practice identifying parts Describe last illness Non-specific immunity Other Lymphoid Organs: These organs don’t filter but do contain macrophages and lymphocytes. 1. Spleen: – a.Destroys old or defective red blood cells – b.Stores platelets – c.Acts as a hematopoietic site in the embryo and in severe cases of anemia Other Lymphoid Organs: These organs don’t filter but do contain macrophages and lymphocytes. 2.Thymus – A. gland Most functional during youth – B. Its hormones cause T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent. Other Lymphoid Organs: These organs don’t filter but do contain macrophages and lymphocytes. 3.Tonsils – A.Small and Peyer’s patches organs known collectively ast GALT (gut-associated lymphatic tissues). – B.Prevent pathogens in the respiratory and digestive tract from going through the mucous membrane lining Obj. 5 Nonspecific Defenses: things your body uses to defend against ANYTHING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Skin & mucous membranes Phagocytic cells Natural killer cells Inflammatory response Antimicrobial substances Fever Obj. 5 Nonspecific Defenses: things your body uses to defend against ANYTHING 1. Skin & mucous membranes L O W p H S A L I V A T E A R S M U C U S Obj. 5 Surface Membrane Barriers Role=prevent pathogens from entering body Protective membranes line all body cavities and organs exposed to the exterior. Surface membranes provide mechanical barriers to pathogens. Structural modifications and produce secretions that enhance their defensive effects (skin acidity, lysozymes, mucus, keratin, cilia) Bacterial leprosy infection just under skin. “border line leprosy—numb centers 2. Phagocytic cells-macrophages i. ii. iii. iv. Phagocytes include macrophages and neutrophils Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens Phagocytosis is enhanced when pathogens surface is altered by antibodies or complement proteins Cell killing is enhanced by respiratory burst Obj. 6 Natural killer cells – attack and lyse body cells infected by viruses or that are cancerous. 3. Obj. 7 Inflammatory 1. Skin & mucous membranes response 2. Phagocytic cells 3. Natural killer cells 4. Inflammatory response damaged tissues release histamines – Histamines make vessels leaky, releasing phagocytes & clotting factors – Phagocytes engulf bacteria – Platelets form clots – Obj. 7 Obj. 5 Nonspecific Defenses: things your body uses to defend against ANYTHING 5. Antimicrobial substances – Interferon – Complement proteins 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Skin & mucous membranes Phagocytic cells Natural killer cells Inflammatory response Antimicrobial substances 6. Obj. 8 Fever Fever – Macrophages 105 release pyrogens – Hypothalamus elevates temperature – Liver & spleen supply less iron – Bacteria don’t grow well without iron – Metabolism increases speeding repair. 98.6