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Judaism: Background The Jewish religion trace their origin to the patriarchs Abraham, his son, Isaac and his son Jacob Abraham made a covenant with God Moses received the Torah from God – Considered the most important prophet The Jews are forced out of Israel – Diaspora (587 BCE) Started: 20th century BC How many followers: 13 million Main Belief: there is only 1 God, and God chose the Hebrews to be his people Place of worship: temple or synagogue Name of Teacher: Rabbi Follower: Jews Books Studied: Torah (history), Sects: Reform, Conservative, Orthodox Holidays: Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), Passover, Rosh Hashanah (New Year) Western Wall/Wailing Wall Christianity: Background Christianity is based on the birth, life and death of a 1st century Jew, Jesus Christ Around the age of 30, Jesus began preaching about God, his father, He gathered followers, and performed miracles The Roman authorities found Jesus to be a problem and had him arrested and killed – Good Friday – Easter Started: 1st Century AD How many followers: 2 Billion Main Belief: Salvation through belief in Jesus Christ, the Son of God Name of Teacher: priest, preacher, minister Books Studied: The Bible (old testamenthistory and laws and new testament-life and teachings of Christ) Sects: Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant Holidays: Christmas (Christ’s birth), Easter (Christ’s resurrection) Judaism and Christianity have the same beginning. The first 5 books of the Old Testament are the same as the Torah The first “Christians” were Jews who believed Jesus was the Messiah they were waiting for. Islam: Background Most of the people of this region are Muslim. Islam is more than a religion, it is a way of life. While meditating in a cave, Mohammed receive a revelation from God through the Angel Gabriel. – Mohammed recorded the revelations, became the Quran (the last revealed word of God) Islam 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The framework of the Muslim life are the “Five Pillars” Faith: Everyday… repeat, “There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet” Prayer: A Muslim must pray 5 times a day (towards Mecca) Zakat: Give charity to the needy The Fast: Fast during the holy month of Ramadan (sunrise to sunset) Hajj: Take a pilgrimage to Mecca Started: 622 AD How many followers: 1.1 Billion Main Belief: Submission to God, whose last prophet was Mohammed Place of worship: Mosque Name of Teacher: Iman (prayer leader) Follower: Muslim Books Studied: Quran/Koran Sects: the Sunni and the Shiite Holidays: Ramadan Islam means both “peace” and “submission” The Arabic word for god is “Allah” Islamic law protects the privileges of minorities and are tolerant of other beliefs Muslims respect Jesus, Moses and Abraham as prophets of God The Quran confirms Jesus’ virgin birth and tell of the miracles he performed The God of the Muslims is the same God as the Jews and Christians Religion Collage Assignment 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Choose one of the monotheistic religions Create a collage using pictures, symbols, words, etc. to depict the religion’s main beliefs, symbols, misconceptions, place in the news/world, etc. Needs to fill an 8.5x11 piece of paper Write a well developed paragraph explaining what you included on your collage Due Friday! Hinduism Hinduism is one of the world’s oldest religions with 900 million The religion began in India about 4000 years ago. Hindus believe in one god, Brahman – Many see them as polytheistic because Hindus see different expressions of Brahman They believe that rivers (like the Ganges) and animals (like cows) are sacred. They believe in reincarnation (a person’s soul never dies)...a person can be reborn many times until their soul reaches their final resting place – depends on Karma (the way a person lived before). Caste System Brahmins-Priests Kshatriya-nobles •The Caste system is very rigid, you cannot move up in social class •The Indian Constitution has outlawed caste based Vaisya-traders, artisans, discrimination farmers, herders Sudra-laborers Untouchables •The Caste System is declining in urban areas as education improves •The Caste System is still prominent in many rural areas Buddhism The religion started in India more than 2500 years ago as a result of Prince Gautama’s (Buddha) quest for Enlightenment. Buddhists do not believe in a personal god. A pagoda is the house of worship (Buddhist temple). Found mainly in China, Tibet, Japan, SE Asia. Four Noble Truths – Pathway to enlightenment Major Religions in India Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism Other regions: – Jainism 4.2 million followers believe in extreme nonviolence everything has a soul Strict vegetarians Do not believe in gods or spiritual beings, more a religion of self-help – Sikhism Founded in the early 1500s, a mixture of Islam and Hinduism, monotheistic and believe in karma and reincarnation Major Religions of Japan Buddhism Shinto – Japanese devotion to invisible spiritual beings and powers called kami Kami are not gods but if treated properly they will intervene in our lives to bring benefits – – – – – Not seen as a religion but a way of life An ethnic religion, rarely practiced outside Japan Has no scriptures, no founder, no God Teaches ethical practices Does not require members to follow Shinto as their only religion, coexists with Buddhism Daoism/Taoism Ancient tradition of philosophy and religious belief The Tao, “the Way”, is the ultimate creative principle of the universe – All things are unified and connected in the Tao The Tao is not God, but Taoists worship many deities in temples Taoism promotes, harmony, being virtuous, and self development Taoism practices, meditation, feng shui, fortune telling Before the Communist revolution, Taoism was the strongest religion in China – After the government began destroying any non-communist religions its numbers have significantly reduced