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09/13 Health and Disease before Columbus
Origins of Americans
Bering land bridge and the problem of pre-Clovis remains
Skeletal evidence
Linguistic evidence
Genetic evidence
Modern debates
Overview of American Societies
Olmec
Tiwanaku
Cahokia
Inca
Aztec: Tenochtitlan larger than Paris in 1490
Overall population: 44,000,000?
Health of Americans
Paleopathology: Backbone of History
Dangerous lives of hunter-gatherers
Agricultural transition: a threat to health?
Urbanization: crowding, malnutrition, violence, and disease
Coastal populations: remarkable health
Health index and life expectancy: declining health over time before 1492