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CHAPTER 15
Blood and Freedom, 1863 - 1867
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People at War: Spring 1863
 Soldier life was harsh, with disease killing twice as
many as wounds
 Both sides used courage, hatred, and religious
fervor to justify the carnage
 Civilians on both sides begin to question reasons
for war
 Lincoln’s critics become more vocal

Conscription Act
 War Department created Department of Colored
Troops
Black Soldiers in the Union Army
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The Battlefields of Summer: 1863
 Lee wins at Fredericksburg, but at high cost
 13,000 causalities
 Stonewall Jackson killed
 Lee is defeated at Gettysburg
 35,000 causalities
 Vicksburg falls to Grant
 Union controls Mississippi River
 Immigrant battle losses contributed to draft riots in
New York City
 Grant takes command of eastern theater
 Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Vicksburg
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Battle of
Gettysburg,
July 1-3, 1863
Virginia, 1863
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The Winter of Discontent:1863 -1864
 Political foes oppose both Lincoln and Davis
 Confederate prison camps earn terrible




reputations
Grant takes control of entire Union army
Southerner Andrew Johnson becomes Lincoln’s
running mate in 1864 election
Sherman’s March to Sea breaks will of South
Lincoln’s re-elected
Grant Against Lee in Virginia
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Battle of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania
Campaign for Atlanta, May-September 1864
Election of 1864
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From War to Reconstruction: 1865 1867
 Thirteenth Amendment is enacted
 War ends on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox
Courthouse
 Lincoln is assassinated at Ford’s Theatre April 14

John Wilkes Booth
 Consequences of War
 620,000 American dead
 Destruction of Southern economy
 North passed significant legislature
 Emancipation brings less than true freedom to
blacks in South

Freedmen’s Bureau
Territory of War
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Black Mobilization
 Major goal of blacks in South was gaining vote
 Johnson followed Lincoln’s moderate plan for
reconstruction of South
 “black codes”
 Radicals in Congress override Johnson and passed
Fourteenth Amendment
 Reconstruction Act divides and occupies South

Ku Klux Klan
 Northerners head South to help blacks
 African American elected to some state
constitutional conventions
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Discussion Questions
 What was the significance of the battle of
Gettysburg? Was it the turning point of the war?
 How did Grant and Sherman change the face of
the war?
 How did the death of Lincoln effect
reconstruction? Did radical republicans help or
hurt civil rights for blacks in the South?
 What were the total costs and consequences of
the Civil War?