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Events Leading to
the Civil War
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What four factors caused the
development of sectional
tensions in the first half of the
19th century?
1) Competing economic
interests
2) Westward expansion
3) Slavery
4 Debates over the nature of the
Union
What war resulted from the
United States’ failure to work
out a settlement acceptable to
both the “free North” and
“slave South”?
•The Civil War
What type of economy
did the Northern states
develop during the first
th
half of the 19 century?
•Industrial economy
What type of taxes did
the Northern states did
the Northern states
favor?
•Protective Tariffs
What was the purpose of
high protective tariffs?
• To protect Northern
manufacturers from
foreign competition
What are
protective tariffs?
• Taxes on imports that are
so high Americans cannot
afford to buy foreign
goods
What type of economy
did the Southern states
develop?
• Agricultural economy
• Farming
What was the South’s
position on high
protective tariffs?
•Against them
Why did the South
oppose high protective
tariffs?
• Because they made the
price of imported
manufactured goods
much more expensive
Who were the
abolitionists?
• People who wanted to
end slavery
immediately
Name one important
abolitionist leader.
•William Lloyd
Garrison
What was the name of
the antislavery
newspaper published in
Boston?
• William Lloyd Garrison
What region’s religious
leaders became active in
the abolitionist movement?
•New England
Who wrote the
antislavery novel
Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
•Harriet Beecher
Stowe
What kind of novel was
Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
• An antislavery novel
• Showed the cruelties of
African-American
slavery
What two slave
rebellions took place
in Virginia?
• Gabriel’s Rebellion
• Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Who proposed the
Missouri Compromise?
•Henry Clay
What were the three
parts of the
Missouri
Compromise?
• Missouri became a slave state.
• Maine became a free state.
• The Louisiana Territory was
divided at the 36º 30´ latitude
line. North of this line must be
free, while South of this line
could be slave.
Why was it important to
Congress to keep the
number of slave and free
states equal?
• To keep the Senate evenly
divided between the slave
South and the free North
What important event
happened in California
in 1849?
•The Gold Rush
Who proposed the
Compromise of 1850?
•Henry Clay
Who has been called
“the Great
Compromiser?”
•Henry Clay
What were the four
parts of the
Compromise of 1850?
• California became a free state.
• Stronger fugitive slave law
• Created the New Mexico and
Utah territories with popular
sovereignty to decide the issue
of slavery in both
• Abolished the slave trade, but
slavery itself, in Washington,
D.C.
What region hated the
Fugitive Slave Act?
•The North
What is a bill?
•A proposed law
What is an act?
•A law
Who proposed the
Kansas-Nebraska
Act?
•Stephen Douglas
What were the three
parts of the KansasNebraska Act?
• Created two new territories,
Kansas and Nebraska
• Popular sovereignty would decide
the issue of slavery in both Kansas
and Nebraska
• Since both Kansas and Nebraska
were north of the Missouri
Compromise line, the KansasNebraska Act repealed the
Missouri Compromise.
Define popular
sovereignty.
• the people would vote
on whether they
wanted slavery in their
territory or state
What does it mean to
repeal a law?
• Do away with the law
• Get rid of the law
• It’s no longer a law
How did most abolitionists
and Northerners feel about
the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
• Believed it betrayed the
Missouri Compromise’s
promise that land north of
36º 30´ would be forever free
What effect did the
Kansas-Nebraska Act
have on Kansas?
• Caused bloody fighting
between pro-slavery
and antislavery forces
What were the two
major results of the
Kansas-Nebraska Act?
• 1) Bleeding Kansas
• 2) Formation of the
Republican Party
What was the basic
belief of the
Republican Party?
•Prohibit the spread
of slavery in the
western territories
How did the Supreme
Court rule in the Dred
Scott case?
• Ruled the Missouri
Compromise was
unconstitutional
Why did the Dred Scott
decision anger
Northerners?
• Overturned Northern
efforts to limit the spread
of slavery in the western
territories
What part of the
Compromise of 1850 did
Northerners hate the most?
•The Fugitive Slave
Law
What did the Fugitive
Slave Law require?
• Slaves who escaped to free
states would be forcibly
returned to their owners in
the South.
In what type of rights
did Southerners
strongly believe?
•States’ rights
What two rights did
Southerners insist the
states possessed?
• The right to nullify a
federal law
• The right to secede from
the Union
What did Southerners
argue states could do to
federal laws they did
not like?
•Nullify them
What did it mean for a
state to nullify a
federal law?
• Void it
• Do away with it
• It would no longer be a law
in that state
What did it mean for a
state to secede from the
Union?
•Withdraw from the
Union
•Leave the Union