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Transcript
“Reconstruction” Goal 3 Part 4 The SECOND American Civil War What is Reconstruction The period of time after the Civil War (__________________) (Appomattox – 1877 Presidential election – Rutherford B. Hayes) 2 Issues of the Union AFTER the Civil War: (1) ____________________________________ (2) Integration of _________________________ Main focus: ___ will it be done and ______ will be in charge? 2 separate plans – Lincoln /Johnson & Congress Lincoln’s 10 % Plan/ “______________________________” The _________ left, not the STATES Lincoln: *Wanted the return to the South to be “________” and “___________”! *Fed. government will _____________ everyone (except Conf. generals) of all charges IF they _______________________________! Lincoln’s Plan: - 10% of the state will swear allegiance to the Union = readmitted into the Union! *Ratify the 13th Amendment Johnson’s Plan *SAME AS LINCOLN’S Remaining Southern states must swear allegiance, pay war debts, and practice the 13th Amendment Main difference: Johnson = abolitionist ,but _____________want former slaves to gain any political advantage in the South. “White men alone must manage the South” - Johnson Radical Republicans (Congressional Recon.) Small subculture of Republicans (Left Wing Liberals) that ________ Johnson’s plans for Reconstruction Led by “__________________-” MAIN AGENDA: Fight FOR __________________rights! (wants African Americans to have full citizenship (____) and voting rights(_____) – goes against Johnson’s plans *** THE SOUTH SHOULD BE ___________ “______________” (Congressional Response to Lincoln’s 10% Plan) Passed by the ___________________ Not 10% (as in Lincoln and Johnson)...needs a __________ to be readmitted into the Union! *****Lincoln’s reaction to the Wade-Davis Bill “__________________” killed the bill Pocket Veto: when the President fails to sign a bill within the 10 days allowed by the Constitution. (ignoring it) RESULT: Radical Republicans think Lincoln is being too “______________” on the South ****_________________**** CONGRESSIONAL RECON. -Congressional assistance to former slaves (provides ______________….) POINT: to ease the transition from _________________ (Johnson Vetoes this) but Congress overrides his veto Freedmen’s Bureau **Civil Rights Act ____** (1) Gave African Americans “_____________” Rights Question: What Supreme Court decision took “citizen rights” AWAY from African American slaves?_________________ (2) Ends the ability for states to pass…. “____________” - severe restrictions on African American lives from 1800 to 1865 (Johnson Vetoes this) but Congress overrides Black Codes Freedmen were not to be taught to read or write Public facilities were segregated Violators of these laws were subject to being whipped or branded Freedmen could not assemble without the presence of a white person Congressional Reconstruction _____Amendment: (1) all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens and (2) Equal protection under the law (Agreed upon because the South is not enforcing the Civil Rights Act of 1866) VERY IMPORTANT: 14th Amendment = Constitutional basis / defense for the Civil Rights Act 1866 = more strength Proves the _________ government is getting stronger! If the Southern States practice the 14th Amendment – they will be readmitted and ____________________________________________ Example: Tennessee agrees to practice the 14th Amendment *Reconstruction Act of 1867* ___________________________________ ______ during the Civil War (Sovereign and independent state governments) This act created “______________” (just like borders states during the Civil War) / Military Districts in these southern states (Johnson Vetoed this (unconstitutional?) but Congress overrides his veto Military Districts/ Martial Law AFTER the Civil War Johnson’s Impeachment ________________: formal charges are brought up on a government official. Delivered by the _____________________: Johnson is NOT carrying out presidential duties (Johnson limits African American’s rights) How was he impeached…… Johnson’s Impeachment Congress passed the “_________________________” President CANNOT remove __________________________ Johnson fires ________________, a Radical Republican ally. Johnson is impeached, but acquitted of ALL charges by ONE SINGLE VOTE Andrew Johnson 1868 Presidential Election Andrew Johnson Vs. Ulysses S. Grant (W) ______ Amendment - Introduced by the Radical Republicans after Grant’s victory ****No one is kept from voting due to “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” OVERALL: African American suffrage / voting rights (__________) Purpose: Congressional fear of ____________not allowing A.A. to vote Presidential Vs Congressional Reconstruction Presidential (Lincoln and Johnson) Executive branch leads Recon. Return South “Quickly” South “Swears” allegiance to the Union (10%) South practices the 13th Amendment (Lincoln &Johnson) Extension of 14th amendment is in question (Johnson) Congressional Congress should lead Recon. Southern States readmission ONLY if they ratified the 14th & 15th Amend. & the majority “Swears” allegiance Wade Davis Bill South should be PUNISHED Extends the Freedmen’s Bureau, Civil Right’s Act of 1866 & Reconstruction Act of 1867 Jim Crow Laws ____________ Southern legislation (state and local) that separated the races / limited the advancement of African Americans (1876-1965) Return to “____________” T.Q. –What legislation stated “no more black codes”? __________________ MOST IMPORTANT: proved that, in the long run, RECONSTRUCTION WOULD BE SEEN AS A _________ DUE TO JIM CROW LAWS _______________(1896) “__________________” separation of races in public accommodations is legal and DID NOT violate the ______Amendment KKK (Ku Klux Klan) Confederate soldiers Tennessee Social Club Main goal: keep African Americans out of “_________” – doesn’t care about the ______ Amendment! (African American suffrage) KKK Violence and other former Confederate soldiers The federal government / Congress passes the _____________________________ Gives power to the fed. Government to enforce the ____ amendment & punish those who “try to prevent A.A. from their voting rights”. PURPOSE: _______________ Politics of Postwar South _________ (R)– White Southerners that supported the Radical Republican’s plan for Recon. (support for African American rights) and joined the Rep. Party *Southern version of a Carpetbagger Small farmers who wanted to improve the conditions of the South Goals: Mixed - some wanted to truly help A.A / others wanted to get the A.A vote and then use politics to enrich themselves while in office Politics in the Postwar South _______________ (D) – Northerners that move to the South Goals: Mixed: Either make a profit (take advantage of War-torn South) or truly help The South / Freedmen Politics for African Americans *African American culture growth* 1865-1877 (Reconstruction) – A.A. saw more growth in POLITICS during this timeframe than ANY OTHER period in American history (ALL LEVELS) Local, state, federal ________ 1st African American Senator VOTING RESTRICTIONS ________: pass the test = right to vote! ________: pay to vote Discrimination? T.Q. Which Amendment became part of the Constitution because Congress feared that Southern Whites might try to keep African Americans from voting???? a. b. c. d. 13th 14th 15th 16th What legislation did President Johnson Veto???? Southern Economy Freedmen – either no money or discriminated against by white landowner __________________– promised freed slaves (that followed him) “________________________________” * Georgia and South Carolina Coasts It worked – until Johnson vetoed it Radical Republicans and other Congressmen pass 1866 _____________________– 44 million acres in the South – unsuitable for farming Sharecropping vs. Tenant Farming (CYCLE OF POVERTY) LIFE OF AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE SOUTH AFTER CIVIL WAR (1) ____________________: economic necessity forced freed slaves into “contracts” with land owners. Landowners would divide their land and gave each freed African American…some land, seed, and tools Harvest / Crops come in: a “________” of the crops go to the landowner! (2) _________________: another bad system for African Americans (you own your tools and seed, but you RENT the land! OVERALL: A.A. were “locked in” or “trapped” in a style of _________ / lacked capital = no money to buy their own goods! (Slavery warmed ________________ “REDEEM” the South (NEW SOUTH) / __________________ Redemption: Democrat’s “_____ “ to power in the South after the Civil War __________…the democrats “_________” the South (Democratic “return” to power in the South) * Redeemers: Want a “return” to the “_____________” – anti-Republican Reconstruction / pro - White supremacy / Return to “black codes / “the way things used to be” Wants to establish “_______________” – the ability to run a region WITHOUT federal intervention! Ulysses S. Grant’s Scandals (_____ Presidential Winner) ____________________(1872) Construction company skimmed off large amounts of money from the “Union Pacific” R.R. construction Overcharged taxpayers ____________________(1870-1875) Internal-revenue collectors accepted bribes from whiskey distillers (so they wouldn’t have to pay taxes) Federal government lost millions! COLLAPSE OF RECONSTRUCTION ________________ 1876 – _______ does not run for a 3rd term –why? 1876 Presidential Election Rutherford B. ____ (____) vs. Samuel ______ (_____) Story: Tilden wins the popular vote but not the electoral vote - A commission was put together (_________ majority) to decide the winner = ________!!! _____________________ Democrats “REQUEST” certain things if a Republican (Hayes) becomes Pres. 1. Removal of federal troops in the South (___________/ Martial Law in the South / Recon. Act of 1867) 2. Democrats want _______________ 3. Hayes must appoint a __________member OUTCOME: The deal is made and Recon is OVER! Simple question – various answers What ended Reconstruction? Hayes-Tilden Election Hayes-Tilden Compromise 1876 Presidential Election Removal of federal troops in the South Appointment of Rutherford B. Hayes Compromise of 1877 (All of the above are correct answers) Flip Chart / E.Q. = Evaluate the effect of each theme through Reconstruction / What is it giving and / or taking away from the process of Reconstruction *DO NOT SIMPLY DEFINE (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Lincoln’s Plan for Recon / Johnson’s Plan for Recon Congressional Recon / Wade Davis Bill Freedmen’s Bureau / Civil Right’s Act of 1866 / Reconstruction Act of 1867 13th / 14th / 15th Amendments Jim Crow Laws / Plessey V. Ferguson (1896) and Enforcement Act of 1870 / Tenure of Office Act Politics in Postwar South (Scalawags and Carpetbaggers) Southern Economy / Cycle of Poverty (Sharecropping and Tenant Farming) Collapse of Reconstruction / Compromise of 1877 5 Southern problems and 1 (attempted) Solution