Download 6 Ss of the Civil War

•Think about a recent conflict or argument you have been in
•Why did it happen?
•Did anything happen to make it worse?
SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil
War and Reconstruction on Georgia.
a. Explain the importance of key issues and events that led
to the Civil War; include slavery, states’ rights, nullification,
Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the
Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case,
election of 1860, the debate over secession in Georgia, and
the role of Alexander Stephens.
What were the key issues and events that led to the Civil War?
•The South needed slavery to help keep its economy strong
•Westward expansion resulted in new territories and states. Each
had to decide if they would allow slavery.
•Slave and free states argued because of representation in
Congress.
•Remember the Three-Fifths Compromise?
•Missouri Compromise, 1820
•Missouri = slave state
•Maine = free state
•All new states north of 36/30 line are free; all new
states south of that line allow slavery
•Hoping to maintain the peace
•Compromise of 1850
•California = free state
•Western territories can decide by popular sovereignty
•Meaning they would vote
•Established the Fugitive Slave Law but most Northerners
ignored it.
•Caused division in the South
•Alexander Stephens
•A Georgia Congressman
•Helped secure support in the South for the
Compromise of 1850, along with Robert
Toombs
 GOLD STAR QUESTION!
•Alexander Stephens
•He was a sickly man, but was called
the “strongest man in the South.”
•He voted against secession at the state convention
(cooperationalist) even though he supported states’ rights.
•Once Georgia made the decision to secede, he quickly
became a key figure in the new government as Vice
President of the Confederacy
•Georgia Platform
•Written at a special convention held to vote on the
Compromise of 1850 and secession.
•Stated:
•Georgia will accept the Compromise of 1850
•Georgia would not hesitate to resist Congress if
they try to outlaw slavery in the new territories.
•Kansas-Nebraska Act
•Originally, Kansas and Nebraska were free territories
•Kansas-Nebraska Act said these territories could vote on
slavery (popular sovereignty)
•Basically repealed the Missouri Compromise
•Led to a civil war in Kansas; fighting became so
violent the area became known as “Bleeding Kansas”
•The Dred Scott Case
•He was a slave who sued for his freedom
when his master died.
•The Court ruled he had no rights because he was
considered property
•Basically meant that slaveholders could keep their
slaves in any state
•How would this make the Northern states feel?
What about the Southern states?
DEFINITION: people in any given
area think their ideas and interests
are correct and more important
than those of people in any other
region
•Examples:
•South wanted states’ rights but the North wanted the
federal government to have more power
•Slave or free?
•How does sectionalism affect me?
•Short for LIFESTYLE
•North:
•Large cities, opera and theater, dinner parties, industry
•South:
•Few large cities, hunting, religion, farming
•Short for Class Structure
•The position that one group has in relation to other groups
•South:
•Structure based on land and slavery
•Very hard to move to another group
•North:
•Structure based on wealth
•Easier to move to another group
DEFINITION: the ability to pay all
debts
•Congress passed laws instituting tariffs on all imported
goods from Great Britain. The south bought many goods
from Great Britain, so this hurt them
•Congress was trying to make the Southern states buy from
Northern factories
•Great Britain retaliated with tariffs on goods imported from
the south.
•South Carolina threatened to secede because
of these high tariffs!
•Nullification
•Nullify means cancel
•10th Amendment: powers not delegated to national
government are reserved for the states
•Southerners thought this meant they could nullify federal
laws they thought were unconstitutional. (Doctrine of
Nullification)
•South Carolina invoked this doctrine in 1832 when
they threatened to secede over tariffs.
•Panic of 1857: Depression!
•Many Northern factories went bankrupt and could not pay
back the money they borrowed to open their factories
•To help the North, Congress raised tariffs on imports.
This made the Southern states angry.
•Because of all of the tension between north and south, many
Southerners felt the only option was to break away from the Union
•Politics also played a big role:
•1854: Free Soilers (anti-slavery Democrats) and Whigs
came together to form the Republicans
•Election of 1860: Republicans
nominated Abraham Lincoln
•Southerners did not trust Lincoln. They thought he wanted
to end slavery, not just limit it.
•Result?
•December 1860: South Carolina secedes!
•The southern states set up a new government and
called themselves the Confederate States of America
•Georgia’s Decision to Secede
•A heated debate began after Lincoln’s election
•Two groups:
•Radical secessionists: wanted to leave
the Union right away
•Cooperationists: wanted the southern states to organize
and plan before secession
•Gov. Joseph Brown called a legislative session. They voted
to have a convention, where Georgians elected to leave the
Union. Georgia officially seceded on January 19, 1861.
•Use the 6 S’s chart and fill in the big ideas for each “s”
1. Slavery
2. Sectionalism
3. Style
4. Structure
5. Solvency
6. Secession