Download Ch 7 T-Chart Review

Ch. 7 Antebellum
Antebellum
*Time period before the war – in this
case, the U.S. Civil War
".... the right of our manifest destiny to
over spread and to possess the whole of
the continent……….It is right such as that
of the tree to the space of air and the
earth suitable for the full expansion of its
principle and destiny of growth."
- John L. O'Sullivan (1845)
Manifest Destiny
*Coined by NY journalist. The belief that
it was the destiny of the U.S. borders to
stretch to the Pacific Ocean.
State’s Rights
*Belief that a state’s interest is more
important than the interest of the nation
as a whole.
How did the North & South differ:
Economically ?
*NORTH – a short agricultural growing
season helped base the economy on
industry.
How did the North & South differ:
Economically ?
*SOUTH – as a result of climate,
agriculture was dominant to industry
US Capitol – early 1800’s
How did the North & South differ:
State’s Rights ?
*NORTH- Strong National government
How did the North & South differ:
State’s Rights ?
*SOUTH- Strong State government
How did the North & South differ:
Tariffs ?
*NORTH- Supported high tariffs on
foreign goods (self-protectionism)
*SOUTH- Supported low tariffs on foreign
goods (many goods were imported)
Overseer
*A person hired by a plantation owner to
manage the day to day operations on the
plantation
Driver
*Generally an older and loyal slave that
was in charge of assisting an overseer on
a plantation
Abolitionist
*A person that believed in the elimination of
slavery
Why was Harriett Beecher Stowe
considered an abolitionist?
* She wrote about the worst parts of
slavery and the impact of the fugitive
slave laws had on blacks in the South.
“Free” Black
A group of approximately ½ million Americans that
were black but not bonded into slavery
*
How many Free Blacks lived in the
South during this time period?
* App. 30,000 free slaves lived in the South
Discriminations faced by “Free”
blacks:
* Only 2 states gave them the right to vote
*Could not receive public land lots
* No travel abroad / limited travel in the U.S.
* No education
* Lived in segregated neighborhoods
Name the 5 W’s of the Missouri
Compromise?
Who? Missouri Territory
What?
11 Free States & 11 Slave States.
Missouri entered as a slave state
Maine entered as a free state.
The line of 36º 30′ was established as the
line that slave states couldn’t exist above
in future
When?1820
Where?
Missouri & Maine
Why? Compromise was necessary to
keep the balance of free &
slave states equal.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
*Gave the U.S. more than 500,000 square
miles of territory
*Mexico paid 18.25 million dollars for the
land that was ceded
*The boundary of Rio Grande was
accepted between Texas & Mexico
Sectionalism
* A belief that the ideas of your region or
superior to the ideas of another region
COMPROMISE OF 1850
1848 – California gold rush began & population soared
California constitution prohibited slavery
15 Free & 15 Slave states were in the union
SOUTHERNERS FEARED THAT
“FREE” STATES WOULD HAVE
CONTROL OF THE SENATE
“GREAT DEBATE” WENT ON FOR 8
MONTHS
Benefits to the NORTH (free states) :
*California would be a free state
*Texas would not annex the New Mexico territory
*Ended slave trade in Washington, DC
Benefits to the SOUTH (slave states) :
*New Mexico & Utah citizens would vote on
slavery issue
*Residents of Washington, DC could keep slaves
**Runaway slaves would be returned to their
owners
The 5 W’s of the Compromise
of 1850:
Who? Congress and the President
What? Both sides were at a deadlock re:
California becoming a state
When?Late 1840’s – early 1850’s
Where? Washington D.C. & California
Why? There were 15 free & slave states
California was going to upset the balance
of power.
What was the “Georgia Platform”?
•Urged the acceptance of the Compromise of 1850
•U.S. Congressman Cobb, Stephens & Toombs helped get
the platform adopted at the state capital in Milledgeville
How did the number 15 play a role
in the Compromise of 1850?
*
There were 15 free & slave states
The 5 W’s of the Kansas-Nebraska
Who? Stephen Douglass – U.S.
Congressman from IL
What? Slavery in new territories
When? 1854
Where? U.S. Congress, Kansas and
Nebraska territories
Why? Many felt that the citizens in
these territories would be allowed to
determine the issue of slavery (popular
sovereignty)
Popular Sovereignty
* The ability for citizens of a territory to decide if
their “new state” would be free or slave state
Free Soiler
* A person that was anti-slavery and desired for new
western states to be “free” states
Reactions to Kansas-Nebraska Act
Northerners – the act would violate slavery line
designated by the Missouri Compromise
Southerners – favored the proposal & were
confident that slave owners from other states
would enter the new territory
Thousands of people flooded into the new land
Both sides sent supporters to the area
“Bleeding Kansas” – a bloody civil war that broke
out in Kansas between the pro & anti-slavery
supporters
1855 – an election was held in
Kansas
Illegal voters flooded in from
Missouri
Anti-slavery groups were outraged
& elected their own Governor &
legislature
Kansas was in CHAOS
What was the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court
in the Dred Scott
Case?
•Lawyers contention was that since he lived in
a free state, he should be a free black.
•Supreme Court heard ruled that he was not
entitled to sue because he was a slave
(property) and not a U.S. citizen.
•Court ruled that slavery could not be
outlawed in new territories
The 5 W’s of John Brown’s raid
*Who?John Brown and the Secret Six
*What? A raid on the federal armory
*When? 1859
*Where? Harper’s Ferry, VA
*Why? Brown was attempting to steal
weapons and lead a slave revolt
in Virginia
Plan:
* Capture weapons and arm slaves in the
area in a revolt
Result:
*Weapons were captured, but no revolt
followed
* Mayor was killed & hostages were taken
* Troops led by Robert E. Lee killed 10 raiders &
captured Brown
* Brown was tried & later hung for his actions
Longfellow, “This is a great day in
our history, the day of a new
revolution ……..
As I write, they are leading old John
Brown to execution… This is sowing
the wind to reap the whirlwind
which will come soon.”
* What do you think Longfellow
meant by “sowing the wind” and
“reap the whirlwind”?
Impact of “spiritual songs”
* Songs that provided comfort and hope
in the future
How did the “underground
railroad” work?
* A series “safe houses” designed to assist
slaves on the run from their master.
Compare a slave to an indentured servant
•A slave is bound his entire life in service to
another person.
•An indentured servant who is bound to service for
a specific period of time.
Role of religion to the average slave
•Religion played a key role to the average slave. *
•Black preachers spoke of freedom and justice.
•White preachers spoke of servants obeying their
master.
Pros & Cons of allowing slaves to be
literate (able to read & write
* It was against the law to educate slaves
* PROS: could read labels & write messages
* CONS: might use their literacy to lead a revolt
Slave codes designed to …..
* Laws designed to limit the rights of slaves
William Lloyd Garrison
•Publisher of an abolitionist
newspaper The Liberator – promoted
the abolition of slavery and called it
EVIL
Frederick Douglass
*An African American abolitionist
that was born a slave and escaped
to Boston.
*He published the newspaper called
the North Star.
*Why the name North Star?
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
* A series of stories detailing the life of a
slave. Later the stories were published as
a divisive novel.
What % of GA’s did not own slaves?
Theorize why the majority of GA’s
•60% of Georgians did not own slaves
•* Slaves were expensive – by 1830 = $ 1,000
•Abraham Lincoln was the Republican
candidate
•The Democrats disagreed on the issue of
slavery in territories.
•Southern Democrats favored slavery &
Northern Democrats didn’t.
•The 2 groups decided to each nominate a
candidate for President of U.S.
In the election of 1860, if all of the have all voted
for only one Democratic candidate then …….
•Democrats would have won the popular vote with app.
2.7 million votes, BUT the Republicans would have still
won the election with 180 to 84
•This scenario is assuming that all Republican voters would
have voted for the ONE candidate
Following the election of 1860, most
Georgians supported the Union. However,
they felt stronger
about ….
•state’s rights. Many Georgians faced the dilemma
of keeping the Union together or the rights of
individual states.
What historic event occurred on
Dec.20, 1860 in the state of South
Carolina?
* The state of South Carolina was the first
state to secede from the Union.
When did the state of Georgia
Secede from the United States?
*1 / 19 / 1861
What does C.S.A. stand for?
* Confederate States of America
Crawford Long & why he is not given credit for
the 1st use of ether as an anesthesia?
* While he was the first to use ether, he failed to publicly
demonstrate the use or record in a medical journal.