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16.4 life during the war
 war and the economy: both N and S financed the war by
 Borrowing money
 Increasing taxes
 Printing paper money
 N, $2B +
 S, $700 M
 Union, 1861, income tax
 Union, greenbacks
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The north Prospers
 Inflation- general increase in price
 Northern economy boomed
Railroad traffic increased
Production of coal, iron, and clothing
Farmers prospered
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Economic troubles in
the south
 Farm lands was overrun
 Rail lines were torn up
 Thousands were homeless
 Many cities were burned
 Severe shortage of essential goods
 Inflation was much worse
 Many soldiers deserted
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Recap
 Dorothea Dix
 Clara Barton
 Sally Tompkins
 Copperheads
 Habeas Corpus
 Draft
 Bounty
 Greenback
 inflation
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recap
 Three ways the North financed the war.
 How did the war affect the economy of the
South?
 Why do you think Lincoln believed the
Copperheads were a threat to the Union war
effort?
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16.5 The way to victory
 Southern Victories
 Winter 1862-1863; Lee’s army defeated
weak Union generals
 Lee’s army won the Battle of
Fredericksburg; Burnside
 Union Gen Ambrose Burnside resigned
after repeated failure to overcome Lee’s
entrenched troops.
 Chancellorsville, VA; Lee won this battle;
Stonewall Jackson died in this battle
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The tide of war turns
 The Battle of Gettysburg
 June, 1863; Lee, 75,000 troops
 Gen George Meade replaced Gen
Hooker
 mission: find and fight Lee’s army
 July 1st, 1863; the three-day Battle
of Gettysburg
 Pickett’s Charge; Gen George
Pickett, 13,000 troops
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The tide of war turns
 Victory at Vicksburg
 Vicksburg, MS surrenders; Gen
Grant, July 4th,1863
 Port Hudson in Louisiana was seized
 TX, LA, AR were cut off from the rest
of the confederacy
 Union now holds the entire MS
 Lee’s army out of PA
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The tide of war turns
 Lincoln at Gettysburg
 Nov 19, 1863, dedicated a cemetery; gave
the famous two-minute speech later called
Gettysburg Address: “it is for us the living… to be
dedicated to the great task remaining before us… that these
dead shall have not died in vain-that this nation under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the
people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the
earth.”
 Edward Everett; a prominent scholar
gave a two-hour address.
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Final Phases of the war
 Grant takes command
 November,1863, Grant and Sherman
won important battles in Chattanooga,
TN
 Potomac Army: crush Lee’s army in
VA
 Western Army, Sherman: advance to
Atlanta, GA and destroy the
Confederate army in the deep south
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Final Phases of the war
 Virginia Battles
 May, June, 1864; Grant’s 115,000 menLee’s 65,000 men
 Battle of Wilderness
 Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse
 Battle of Cold Harbor
 Cost North more than 60,000 men
 Battle of Petersburg; turned into a ninemonth seige
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Final Phases of the war
 Election of 1864
 August, 1864; Admiral David Farragut won
total control of the Gulf of Mexico
 September, 1864; news of Sherman’s
capture of Atlanta came
 October, 1864; Gen Sheridan’s Union
forces drove the rebels out of the
Shenandoah Valley in VA
 The North’s mood changed; Lincoln was
reelected with 55% of the popular vote
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Final Phases of the war
 Total War
 Sherman’s “march to the sea” to
Savannah, GA waging total war
 Savannah falls December, 1864
 Sherman turned North destroying SC
with plan of joining Grant’s forces in
VA
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Victory for the north
 Richmond Falls
 April 2,1865; Petersburg falls to the Union
due to sickness, hunger, desertion
 Richmond also falls, confederate set most
of the city on fire to avoid falling into the
union’s hands
 April 4, 1865; Lincoln visits Richmond
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Victory for the north
 Surrender at Appomattox
 April 9,1865, Appomattox Court House;
Lee and his troops surrender to Grant
 Confederate forces in NC surrender to
Sherman
 May 10, 1865, ;Jefferson Davis was
captured in GA
 The Civil War was over
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Results of the war
 More than 600,000 soldiers died
 Billions of dollars in damaged mostly in the
South
 Bitter feelings among the defeated
Southerners lasted for generations
 It saved the Union
 The federal government was strengthened
 It freed millions of African Americans
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