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Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors and events influenced the outcome
of the Civil War?
Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Learning Goals:
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and
its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.
How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women,
and good leadership?
What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring
new realities to the war?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the
war?
Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?
What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help
the Union cause?
How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the
war?
How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms:
Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus,
Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
Key Content Terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Confederacy
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg Address
Civil War
Habeas Corpus
Appomattox Court House
Chapter 22 Preview/Discussion Questions
1.
2.
3.
How might real Civil War soldiers have felt marching off to war? Why?
How do you think civilians watching the parade might have felt? Why?
As the war progressed, how might key events and battles have affected or
changed the way soldiers and civilians felt?
22.1: Read & record answers. Be prepared to discuss.
1. What did Southerners believe?
2. What was the new country called?
3. What did Stephen Douglass say about the choice that
Americans had?
4. Who were the “middle” states?
22.1: Answers
1. What did Southerners believe?
2. What was the new country called?
1. They believed that just as states voluntarily joined the
Union they could voluntarily leave the union.
2. The new country was called the Confederate States
of America.
22.1: Answers
3.
What did Stephen Douglass say about the choice that Americans had?
4.
Who were the “middle” states?
3. “There can be no neutrals in this war, only patriots or traitors.”
4.
Confederate: Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and N. Carolina.
Union: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri.
*Western counties of Virginia formed W. Virginia as Union.
1861 Map
Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals:
1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and
the South and its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.
2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women,
and good leadership?
3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring
new realities to the war?
4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the
war?
5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?
6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help
the Union cause?
8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the
war?
9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms:
Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus,
Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
22.2: North vs. South. Read & complete the table.
Strengths
North
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Larger population
90% of the nation’s manufacturing
Controlled most banks
More farms for food for troops
Most of the nation’s iron, coal,
copper, and gold.
6. Controlled the seas
7. Extensive railroad lines to transport
troops and supplies
8. Abraham Lincoln’s leadership
South
1. Excellent military leadership
2. Large territory made it difficult
to invade and conquer
3. Southerners were defending
their way of life.
Weaknesses
1. Lacked good military
leadership
1. The Confederacy could easily be split in
two if the North took control of the
Mississippi
2. Few factories to produce guns or other
military supplies
3. Limited transportation for troops and
supplies
22.2 Continued
Discuss and answer questions 2 and 3 in your groups.
2.
Based on information in your matrix, predict which side you think was more likely
to win the Civil War? Explain.
3.
How did Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis each use the ideals of the American
Revolution and the Declaration of Independence to support their side’s cause?
Lincoln: In his first inaugural address, Lincoln said his goal
was to preserve the Union, a Union begun by the revolution and
“matured and continued” by the Declaration of Independence.
Davis: In his inaugural address, Davis said the South was fighting
for the same freedom that was asserted by the founders in the
Declaration of Independence.
Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals:
1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and
its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.
2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of
spies, women, and good leadership?
3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring
new realities to the war?
4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the
war?
5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?
6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help
the Union cause?
8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the
war?
9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms:
Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus,
Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
22.3: Bull Run
What was the name of the
Union plan for victory?
What were the three steps of
this plan?
Discussion Q: How effective do
you think the North’s plan was?
22.3: Bull Run
The Anaconda Plan:
Union plan for victory.
1. Surround south by sea and cut
off supplies.
2. Divide South in two by
controlling the Mississippi.
3. Capture Richmond, Virginia
Discussion Q: How effective do
you think the North’s plan was?
22.3: Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
1. Who won the Battle of Bull Run?
2. What role did Rose Greenhow play?
3. What role did Jackson play?
22.3: Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
1. The South won the Battle of Bull Run.
2. Rose Greenhow was a spy who warned the
Southern leaders of the Union plan to attack.
3. “Stonewall” Jackson and his men refused to give
way to the Union attack and held “like a
stonewall”.
• Huge victory for South.
• Shocking blow for the North.
Bull Run Facts/Summary
• This was the first major land battle of the armies in Virginia.
• On July 16, 1861, the untried Union army under Brig. Gen. Irvin
McDowell marched from Washington against the Confederate
army, which was drawn up behind Bull Run beyond Centreville.
On the 21st, McDowell crossed at Sudley Ford and attacked the
Confederate left flank on Matthews Hill.
• Fighting raged throughout the day as Confederate forces were
driven back to Henry Hill. Late in the afternoon, Confederate
reinforcements extended and broke the Union right flank.
• The Federal retreat rapidly deteriorated into a rout. Thomas J.
Jackson earned the nickname “Stonewall.”
• By July 22, the shattered Union army reached the safety of
Washington.
Bull Run Battle Map
Bull Run Webpage and Video Links
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/bullrun.html
Battle of Bull Run Video Link
22.3 Five Roles for Women. Read and list at least 5 roles for
women. Circle those you would have chosen.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Running farms or businesses.
Factory work.
Nurses
Teachers
Government Workers
Messengers.
Guides/Scouts
Smugglers.
Soldiers.
Spies
Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
Learning Goals:
1. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and
its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.
2. How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women,
and good leadership?
3. What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of
Antietam bring new realities to the war?
4. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the
war?
5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?
6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help
the Union cause?
8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the
war?
9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms:
Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus,
Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
22.4 #1: Antietam: A Bloody Affair
1. By the end of 1861, the
Union had blocked most
Southern ports.
2. In 1862, the Union navy
captured New Orleans and
General Grant won
victories in Kentucky and
Tennessee.
3. In 1862, the Union
attempted to capture
Richmond, but failed.
22.4 #2: Antietam
The single bloodiest day of the War.
•
Huge loss of life on both sides.
–
Union
•
•
2,100 soldiers died.
10,300 Union wounded or missing.
--Confederate
•
•
2,770 died.
11,000 wounded or missing.
Burnside’s
Ridge.
22.4 #3: Antietam
1. Improved weapons made
it easier to kill.
2. Doctors operated in poor
conditions. Infections
spread rapidly.
3. Unsanitary conditions
in camps lead to a lot of
deaths from disease.
Union hospital.
Antietam Facts
The Army of the Potomac, under the command of George McClellan, mounted
a series of powerful assaults against Robert E. Lee’s forces near Sharpsburg,
Maryland, on September 17, 1862.
The morning assault and vicious Confederate counterattacks swept back and
forth through Miller’s Cornfield and the West Woods.
Later, towards the center of the battlefield, Union assaults against the Sunken
Road pierced the Confederate center after a terrible struggle.
Late in the day, the third and final major assault by the Union army pushed
over a bullet-strewn stone bridge at Antietam Creek. Just as the Federal forces
began to collapse the Confederate right, the timely arrival of A.P. Hill’s
division from Harpers Ferry helped to drive the Army of the Potomac back
once more.
The bloodiest single day in American military history ended in a
draw, but the Confederate retreat gave Abraham Lincoln the
“victory” he desired before issuing the Emancipation
Proclamation.
Antietam Link and Video Link
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/antietam.html
Battle of Antietam Video Link
Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Learning Goals:
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and
its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.
How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women,
and good leadership?
What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring
new realities to the war?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the
war?
5. Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?
6. What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help
the Union cause?
8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the
war?
9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms:
Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus,
Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
22.5: Gettysburg: A Turning Point
Reasons for E.P.
1. Declaring an end to slavery would discourage European nations
from helping the South.
1. NO slaves were immediately freed.
2. Freeing slaves would take away a large part of the South’s
workforce.
2. War becomes a crusade for freedom and living up to
the ideals of the Declaration of Independence.
If I can capture a
Northern city, it
might convince the
North to give up!
Before
Gettysburg
Gettysburg was a
disaster. 1/3 of
my men were lost.
We must retreat to
Virginia.
After
Gettysburg
22.5 #3: Gettysburg
• Some Northerners were more interested in saving
the Union than stopping slavery.
• Some Northerners were sympathetic to the
Confederate cause.
• Lincoln sent troops to restore order when
opposition turned violent. He even suspended the
right of habeas corpus. In other words people
could be jailed without a trial.
Gettysburg Video Links
Gettysburg Animated Map and Video: MUST watch-really good.
Battle of Gettysburg Animated Map: Really Good
The Battle of Gettysburg Video - American Civil War History HISTORY.com
22.5 #4: Gettysburg
“Dedicated to the proposition that all mean are created equal”
Lincoln wanted Americans to rededicate themselves to the ideals of
liberty and equality in the Declaration so that soldiers killed at
Gettysburg would have died for a worthy cause.
Gettysburg Address Speech Reenactment
Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learning Goals:
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and
its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.
How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women,
and good leadership?
What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring
new realities to the war?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the
war?
Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?
What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the
Mississippi help the Union cause?
8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the
war?
9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms:
Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus,
Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
22.6 #1: Vicksburg
Iron clad ships:
Monitor and
Merrimac
RR were used to
transport supplies
and troops.
Technological
Firsts of the
Civil War.
Photographs
were used to
record
events.
Telegraphs were
used to
communicate with
distant armies
22.6 Vicksburg
1. Union built enough iron-clad ships, like the
Monitor, to maintain naval blockade of the
Confederacy.
2. On July 4, 1863, the city of Vicksburg
surrendered and Union forces took complete
control of the Mississippi and divided the
Confederacy in two.
22.6: Vicksburg
Vicksburg Animated Map with Video
Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Learning Goals:
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and
its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.
How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women,
and good leadership?
What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring
new realities to the war?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the
war?
Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?
What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
7. How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the
Mississippi help the Union cause?
8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the
war?
9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms:
Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus,
Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
22.7: Fort Wagner
African American Soldiers
1.
Not allowed to
enlist until 1862.
2.
Received less pay.
3.
If captured could
be killed or sold to
slavery.
4.
Received less
training and poorer
equipment.
1.
Both
fought
bravely.
2.
Both
suffered
high
casualties.
White Soldiers
1.
Encouraged to enlist
at start of war.
2.
Received regular
pay.
3.
If captured=Treated
as prisoners.
4.
Received regular
training and
equipment.
22.7 Fort Wagner Video Links (Battle and PreBattle Song)
Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Learning Goals:
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and
its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.
How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women,
and good leadership?
What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring
new realities to the war?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the
war?
Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?
What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help
the Union cause?
8. How and why did attitudes about African Americans
change during the war?
9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms:
Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus,
Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House
22.8 #1: Appomattox
1. General Grant meant to wage war on the enemy’s will to fight and
ability to support an army. He would destroy everything he could to
win the war. “No holds barred.”
2. Discussion: Is this an appropriate war strategy? Why/Why Not?
22.8 #2 Appomattox
Step 3: Grant battered Lee’s army at Petersburg for nine months.
He finally broke through and captured Richmond, Virginia.
22.8 #3 Appomattox
Headline: Lee Surrenders to Grant---War Finally Over!
Who: General Robert E. Lee (Confederate) and General Ulysses S.
Grant (Union)
What: Lee surrenders to Grant and war is over.
Grant ordered men to treat Confederates with respect.
Lee accepts Grants terms.
Where: Appomattox Court House in Virginia.
When: April 9, 1865.
22.8 Appomattox
Discuss question #4: There are many important results of the Civil
War. Which do you think was the most important, and why?
Appomattox: The Surrender on Vimeo
Claim, Support, Question
What were Lee and Grant thinking during this meeting?
What do you think their emotions were?
Chapter 22: The Civil War
What factors & events influenced the outcome of the Civil War?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Learning Goals:
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South and
its ‘leaders’ at the time of the secession crisis.
How did the First Battle of Bull Run awaken the need of spies, women,
and good leadership?
What was the ‘Anaconda Plan’ and how did the Battle of Antietam bring
new realities to the war?
How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the purpose of the
war?
Why was Gettysburg considered a ‘Turning Point’?
What was the purpose of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
How did the siege of Vicksburg and the control of the Mississippi help
the Union cause?
How and why did attitudes about African Americans change during the
war?
9. How did ‘Total War’ bring a surrender at Appomattox?
Key Terms:
Confederacy, Civil War, Emancipation, Habeas Corpus,
Gettysburg Address, Appomattox Court House