Download 01-14-2016 Civil War Battle ppt

O, wind, if winter comes, can spring
be far behind?
Civil War Battles
Mrs. Robinson
Mrs. Brooks
Standard
SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and
Reconstruction on Georgia.
• a. explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the
Civil War; include slavery, states’ rights, nullification, Missouri
Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia Platform,
Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scot Case, Election of 1860, debate
over secession in Georgia and the role of Alexander Stephens.
• b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include
Antietam, the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg,
Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s cost, Sherman’s
Atlanta Campaign, and Sherman’s March to the Sea, and
Andersonville
• c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other
southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and
tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
to the Constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and
the Ku Klux Klan.
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Introduction
The Civil War was the deadliest war in American history.
Over 600,000 soldiers died in the war. The fighting started
at Fort Sumter in South Carolina on April 12, 1861. The Civil
War ended on April 9, 1865 when General Robert E. Lee
surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at the Appomattox Court
House in Richmond, Virginia. Several days later, on April 14,
1865, President Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theater in
Washington, D.C. However, the war would officially end on
August 20, 1866 when President Andrew Johnson signed a
document stating that the American Civil War was over and
all of America was at peace.
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Battle of Shiloh
• Fought in Tennessee on April 6-7, 1862, the Battle of
Shiloh was the largest battle fought in the western part
of the country. The Confederate Army, led by General's
Albert Johnston and P.T. Beauregard, attacked the Union
Army led by General Ulysses S. Grant. They won the first
day, however, General Johnston was killed and they
stopped the attack. The next day reinforcements arrived
for the North. The North counterattacked and drove
back the Confederate Army. Both sides suffered heavy
losses. There were around 20,000 casualties and 3500
deaths in this battle.
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Battle of Antietam
This was the first major battle fought in the
North. It was fought near Sharpsburg, Maryland on
September 17, 1862. The Battle of Antietam is
known as the bloodiest battle of the American Civil
War. There were over 23,000 casualties and 4600
deaths. The Confederate Army, led by General
Robert E. Lee, was vastly outnumbered, but still
managed to harass and fight off the more
conservative Union Army. Eventually, though, the
Union Amy was able to push back Lee's army and
cause them to retreat from Northern soil.
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The Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg took place on July 13, 1863 in and near the town of Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania. This battle was one of the most
important battles of the Civil War for the
North. Robert E. Lee had invaded the North and
was trying to defeat the Union Army once and
for all. However, the Union Army held him off
and sent him retreating. This was a major
turning point in the war. The Confederate Army
was led by General Robert E. Lee. The Union
Army was led by General George Meade.
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The Battle took place over three days. On the first day the
armies were still coming together. The Confederates
outnumbered the Union the first day and caused them to
retreat through the town of Gettysburg to the south side of
town. General Lee wanted his men to continue the attack and
finish off the Union troops. However, his men delayed and the
Union had the opportunity to dig in and set up their defenses.
By the second day, the armies from both sides were now at
full force. The Union had around 94,000 soldiers and the
Confederates around 72,000. Lee attacked and there was
fierce fighting throughout the day with both sides taking
heavy losses. The Union lines held.
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The third day, General Lee decided to make an all or
nothing attack. He felt if he could win this battle,
the South would win the war. He sent General
Pickett, with 12,500 men, on a direct charge at the
heart of the Union Army. This famous attack is
called Pickett's Charge. Pickett's men were
defeated with over half of them injured or killed.
General Lee and the Confederate Army retreated.
The Battle of Gettysburg was the deadliest battle
of the Civil War. There were around 46,000
casualties including nearly 8,000 deaths.
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General Meade and the Union Army were exhausted and had
many casualties and deaths of their own to deal with. They
did not pursue Lee's Army. President Lincoln was
disappointed that Meade did not pursue General Lee as he
felt the entire Confederate army could have been defeated
and the war ended that day.
Later that year, on November 1, 1863, President Lincoln
attended the dedication of the Soldier's National Cemetery
in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. His speech was short (10 lines)
and lasted only two minutes. Not much was thought of the
speech at the time, but today it is considered one of the
greatest speeches ever given.
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The Battle of Chickamauga
On September 19-20, 1863, Union forces moved
against the major railroad center in Chattanooga,
Tennessee, just across the Georgia line. Union and
Confederate troops squared-off seven miles south
of Chattanooga at Chickamauga Creek where
Confederate soldiers defeated the Union forces and
forced the Union army back into Tennessee.
However, the Confederates did not follow-up on the
Union’s retreat and when General Grant arrived
several weeks later with more troops, the Union
recaptured Chattanooga and forced the
Confederates to retreat south of Dalton, Georgia.
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The Battle of Atlanta
When Grant moved his army east to attack Lee, he left
112,000 men in Chattanooga under the command of General
William T. Sherman. Sherman took those men and began a
campaign towards Atlanta. Sherman faced Confederate
General Johnston and his 60,000 troops. During the late
spring and early summer of 1864, the two armies fought time
and time again with major battles at Dalton, Resaca,
Allatoona, Kennesaw, and New Hope Church. Because of
shortages of ammunition and men, Johnston was forced to
retreat southward towards Atlanta but he burned bridges and
blocked roads as he retreated in an attempt to slow
Sherman’s advancement. However, Sherman attacked
Johnston’s troops at Kennesaw Mountain but loss this battle.
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Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, disagreed
with Johnston’s war strategies. Davis wanted Sherman’s
troops to be attacked head-on. Davis replaced Johnston with
General John Bell Hood. Hood led an attack against Sherman
in July, losing 11,000 men in two days. The two armies
continued to fight until Hood concentrated his troops within
the city of Atlanta. The main battle of Atlanta occurred on
July 22nd. Hood hoped Sherman would follow him into the city
so that he could attack Sherman’s army but his strategy did
not work. Fighting continued between the two armies for the
rest of July and August until Hood finally left the city on
September 1st after citizens evaluated Atlanta. The next
day, the union army moved into the city and took over its
railroads and factories. Union soldiers stayed in Atlanta until
November 15th when they set fire to the city and left the city
in flames and began their infamous “March to the Sea”.
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Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman’s army moved quickly through the state of Georgia
heading from Atlanta to Savannah, burning everything in a
path of 60 miles wide on the three hundred mile trek to the
coast. On his way, he destroyed all military targets, farms,
homes, towns, railroads, bridges, roads that supported the
Confederacy. The march took over two months and left a
large portion of the state destroyed. On December 22nd,
Sherman sent a wire to President Lincoln declaring that he
would offer him a Christmas gift of the City of Savannah.
The next day, Sherman delivered on his promise of capturing
Savannah and cutting off the Confederacy’s access to vital
supplies needed to continue the southern war efforts. By
capturing Savannah, Sherman dividing the upper and lower
Confederacy thus ending the war in Georgia.
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Have a great day!