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Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 Objectives • Evaluate the advantages the North enjoyed in the Civil War. • Analyze the impact of the Civil War on the North and South, especially the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation. • Explore the outcome and aftermath of the Civil War. TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Civil Industrial War Growth Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 Terms and People • Robert E. Lee – commander of the Confederate military forces • Anaconda Plan – the Union’s plan to starve the South by seizing the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico so the South could not receive shipments • Emancipation Proclamation – a 1863 presidential decree that declared slaves in rebel states free • habeas corpus – a right that guarantees that no one can be held in prison without specific charges Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 Terms and People (continued) • inflation – price increases • Ulysses S. Grant – Union General who won at Vicksburg and became commander of all Union military forces • Battle of Gettysburg – a battle in Pennsylvania that marked the last major Confederate attempt to invade the North; a turning point in the Civil War • Gettysburg Address – speech given by President Lincoln at a battle cemetery dedication in which he reaffirmed the ideas for with the Union fought Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 Terms and People (continued) • William T. Sherman – a Union General who led 60,000 troops on a march of destruction through Georgia and South Carolina • total war – a strategy in which all resources to feed, clothe, and support an army are targeted Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 What factors and events led to the Union victory in the Civil War? The nation split in two with the election of Lincoln. From 1861 to 1865, a bloody Civil War was fought between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America. The future of slavery and of the Union was at stake. Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 Goal Advantages The Union The Confederacy Preserve the union Gain independence • Growing population • More industry • Better railroads • Strong navy Disadvantages • Small standing army • Troops were not very committed • Lacked the best military leaders • Had the nation’s best military leaders • Troops committed to the fight • Less factories for making war supplies • Few vital ports • Smaller population Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 The South had the advantage of simply needing to hold out longer than the Union. The North had to conquer the Confederacy. The North pursued the Anaconda Plan to cut off supplies to southern ports. Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Confederate forces were led by the experienced general Robert E. Lee. Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 During the first two years of the war, neither side gained a clear victory or captured the other’s capital city. Early Civil War battles Bull Run (July 1861) Shiloh (April 1862) Antietam (Sept. 1862) Fredericksburg (Dec. 1862) Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 Lincoln’s primary goal was to preserve the Union. However, in 1863 he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves in rebel states. The Union began to recruit African American soldiers. Some 180,000 black men served. Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 The Civil War changed civilian life in the North in many ways. • Mines and factories increased production to supply military needs. • The government raised taxes and tariffs. • When Congress instituted a draft, riots broke out in Northern cities. • Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus. Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 The tide of the war began to shift in the Union’s favor in 1863. After victory at Vicksburg, Union General Ulysses S. Grant achieved the Union goal of splitting the Confederacy in two. Next, the Union faced a Confederate invasion at the Battle of Gettysburg and defeated Lee’s troops there. The battle destroyed one third of Lee’s forces. Grant Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Lee Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 President Lincoln went to Gettysburg a few months later to dedicate a battle cemetery. His speech that day, the Gettysburg Address, reaffirmed the ideas for which the Union fought. Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 Map of the Civil War Most Civil War battles were fought on Confederate soil. Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 Union General William T. Sherman led troops on a march through Georgia and South Carolina. Pursuing a strategy of total war, Sherman’s troops targeted all the resources needed to support the rebel army. In spring of 1865, the Confederacy was exhausted. General Lee surrendered to General Grant on April 9. Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 The Civil War had many lasting impacts. The South was in shambles. Freedom promised new opportunities for African Americans. Although debates about states’ rights would continue, never again would states attempt to secede. Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial Chapter Section 13 Section 1 25 3 Section Review QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz Civil War Growth TheTechnology Cold War The Begins and Industrial