Download Ch. 10.4 PPT

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Secession and the Start of
the Civil War
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
•
Compare the candidates in the election
of 1860 and analyze the results of the
election.
•
Analyze why southern states seceded from
the Union.
•
Assess the events that led to the outbreak
of war.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
• Jefferson Davis – Mississippi senator who became
president of the Confederacy
• John C. Breckinridge – southern Democrat
nominated for president in the 1860 election
• Confederate States of America – government of
southern states that seceded from the United States
and fought against the Union in the Civil War
• Crittenden Compromise – proposed constitutional
amendment allowing slavery in western territories
south of the Missouri Compromise line
• Fort Sumter – federal fort in Charleston, South
Carolina, where the first shots of Civil War were fired
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did the Union finally collapse into
a civil war?
Despite repeated attempts at compromise,
disagreement between the North and the South
over the issue of slavery deepened.
With the election of Abraham Lincoln to the
presidency, the crisis came to a head.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Issues leading up to the election of 1860
• Uncertainty about whether Kansas would be a
slave state or free state
• Northern anger over the Dred Scott decision
and Fugitive Slave Act
• Concern over whether slavery would be
allowed in the territories
With ill will running so deep between the North and
the South, it was hard to imagine that either side
would accept a President from the other region.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Four candidates sought election in 1860.
John C. Breckinridge
• Southern Democrat
• Kentucky
• Platform: The federal
government must protect
slavery.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Stephen Douglas
• Northern Democrat
• Illinois
• Platform: When territories
become states, the issue of
slavery should be decided by
popular sovereignty.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Abraham Lincoln
• Republican
• Illinois
• Platform: Slavery must not
be allowed in the territories.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
John Bell
• Constitutional Unionist
• Tennessee
• Platform: The federal
government should
support slavery and also
defend the Union.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
With no
national
candidate
dominating the
campaign,
Lincoln won
with just over
half of the
electoral votes
needed and 40
percent of the
popular vote.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The vote for
Abraham Lincoln
was mostly a vote
for moderation
toward the issue
of slavery and a
vote for the
Union.
However the South,
which overwhelmingly
voted for Breckenridge,
felt it no longer had a
voice in the national
government.
It seemed there was no
way to bridge the gap
between the North and
South.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
South Carolina was the
first southern state to
leave the Union.
X
At a state convention
held on December 20,
1860, legislators voted
to secede. It was a
unanimous vote.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Many of the states with the largest enslaved
populations seceded.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Outgoing President Buchanan lamented
the breakup of the Union.
• However, he made no serious effort to
resolve the crisis.
• Within weeks, six other Southern states
followed South Carolina and established
the Confederate States of America.
• These states were: Alabama, Georgia,
Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, South
Carolina, Texas
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The constitution of the
Confederate States of America
• closely resembled the U.S. Constitution.
• stressed the independence of each state.
• implied that states had the right to secede.
• forbid importing new slaves from other
countries.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Jefferson Davis, former
senator from Mississippi,
became president of the
Confederate States of
America.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Some politicians
sought to keep the
Union together.
The Crittenden
Compromise
proposed to allow
slavery in western
territories south of
the Missouri
Compromise line.
This constitutional
amendment was
voted down by a
narrow margin of
senators.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
President Lincoln urged
peace between the
Confederacy and the Union.
He decided to try to hold on
to the Union forts the
Confederacy claimed, such
as Fort Sumter.
However, Confederate
forces attacked and
captured the Fort Sumter
in defiance of Lincoln.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
After
Fort Sumter
fell, Lincoln
declared that
insurrection
existed.
Four more southern
states immediately
joined the
Confederacy.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
A Nation Divided by Civil War
• The issue of slavery had long divided
the nation, even at the Constitutional
Convention in 1787.
• The economic sectional differences in
the mid-1800s also greatly
contributed to the national division.
• Predictions were the Civil War would
be short, but it lasted for four
terrible years.