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The Civil War
Chapter 14
Why were plantation owners ready
to defend slavery and the
southern way of life?
A Divided Nation
The Civil War had a profound
impact on daily life in South
Carolina
• Before the Civil War,
plantation owners had
made a good living on cash
crops.
• Slave labor made the
plantation owners wealthy
and gave them social and
political status
• Therefore the plantation
owners defended slavery and
the southern way of life.
A Divided Nation
When Lincoln was
elected President
~Plantation owners
were afraid that they
were going to lose
everything.
~S C’s legislative
meeting voted to break
away from the Union
and form their own
country…
Why did South Carolina decide to break
away from the Union and form their
own country?
A Divided Nation
The Confederate States
of America
Why? To protect
slavery and state’s
rights
 Richmond, Virginia
became the
Confederate’s capital
Jefferson Davis became
the Confederate’s
president.
Washington DC & Lincoln
The solid color red states were the
slave states that seceded and
formed the Confederate States of
America.
The striped states are slave states
that remained part of the Union.
A Divided Nation
The North (the Union)
1. Didn’t see the South as
a new nation
2. Saw the South as being
states in rebellion &
fought to keep the
Union together
The South (the Confederacy)
1. Saw themselves as
independent
2. Fought to get the
invading Northern army
off of their land.
The solid color red states were the slave states
that seceded and formed the Confederate
States of America. The striped states are slave
states that remained part of the Union.
In what areas was the North better
prepared for war?
In what areas was the South better
prepared for war?
In what areas was the North better
prepared for war?
In what areas was the South better
prepared for war?
A Divided Nation
The North was better
prepared for war in terms
of…
Population., number of
states, weapons, money,
railroads, factories (to make
weapons and supplies), and
having a working monetary
system in place
The South had…
A strong military tradition &
skill
A cause for which they were
willing to fight
What were the four parts of the
Northern military strategy?
Battle Strategies
The military strategy of the
North was fourfold:
1. To blockade Southern ports
to cut off supplies from
Europe
2. To break the Confederacy in
two at the Mississippi River
3. To destroy communication
and transportation systems
4. To attack the Confederate
capital at Richmond,
Virginia
This was known as the
Anaconda Plan
The Anaconda Plan
Designed to squeeze the South the way an
Anaconda snake squeezes it’s prey.
What was the South’s military
strategy?
Why didn’t the Southern military
strategy of withholding cotton
work?
Battle Strategies
Cotton was so important to the
South that there was no
question in their minds’ that
cotton was king.
The Southern Strategy
• Fight a defensive war, using
supplies from Europe gained from
the sale of cotton
 Until the Northern forces tired
of the war
• Eventually, the South quit selling
cotton to European countries to
get them to enter the war
This plan didn’t work because…
• European countries started to
buy cotton from other countries
&…
• The South ended up with no
supplies & a lot of unusable
cotton
What did the South use to get
around the Northern blockade?
What was the northern blockade in
doing?
Battle Strategies
The Northern blockade was
effective in South Carolina
 Despite the efforts of
blockade runners and…
The use of a new technology
 Such as the submarine the
H.L. Hunley
The blockade was
devastating to the South
because…
It kept the Confederate
Army from receiving supplies
A map of the Union barricade, and The Hunley
Where were the first shots of the
civil war fired? (Be sure to include
the location of the fort)
The Civil War Begins
Most of the fighting of the Civil War
took place in northern Virginia &
along the Mississippi River
There were several battles that
took place in South Carolina.
The first shots of the war were
fired at Fort Sumter when
northern ships attempted to resupply the federal fort in
Charleston Harbor.
This and the Battle of 1st Manassas
in Virginia were major victories for
the South and made them hopeful
of winning the war.
What was the first major setback
for the Confederate Army?
How did the continued presence of
the Union troops in Port Royal
affect South Carolina’s shipping?
The Battle Continues
The 1st major setback for
the Confederate Army
 Union troops captured the
areas surrounding Port
Royal Sound along the
coast near Hilton Head
These areas remained under
Union control throughout
the Civil War
 The Union prevented
ships from importing or
exporting from South
Carolina ports
The Port Royal
Sound battle
ground across
the river from
the soldiers.
Port Royal was used as a base to
attack which South Carolina city?
Who were the 54th Massachusetts
and what did they do?
The Battle Continues
The 54th
Massachusetts
regiment and Colonel
Robert Gould Shaw
Union forces laid siege to
Charleston attacking from
Port Royal
 Bombarding the city for
over a year
During this campaign, the
54th Massachusetts regiment
African American soldiers
 along with their Colonel
Robert Gould Shaw
Led the charge on Fort
Wagner at the mouth of
Charleston Harbor
Robert Smalls
The Battle Continues
Robert Smalls
• A 23 year old harbor pilot
•Had knowledge of navigating
the harbor
•Piloted a Confederate, ship
while the white crew was
ashore, through the harbor.
•Giving the appropriate signals
to the confederate forts
•Surrendered the ship to the
Union at the blockade
•Provided the Union with
valuable information about
the Confederate fortifications
The Battle Continues
Robert Smalls
After the Civil War:
•Served as an officer in the
State Militia
•Served as a state legislator
•Helped to draft the
Constitution of SC
•Served as a 5 term
Congressman from SC
Congressman Smalls
What two ways were wealthy slave
owners involved in the Civil War
military service?
The Poor Man’s Fight
An unnamed private in the Union Army.
Many of the wealthiest
slave owners volunteered
and served as officers in the
Confederate army.
Others were exempt from
service under the “20 slave”
law
The war became known as
“the rich man’s war, the
poor man’s fight” when…
Many rich got out of
military service, while the
poorer could not
The Poor Man’s War
Most Confederate soldiers
• Grew up on farms in the
rural areas
• Had experience with guns
for hunting
• They had little formal
military training
Many Union soldiers
• From cities such as New
York, Boston & Philadelphia
• Many had worked in
factories & manufacturing
plants
• Some were recent
immigrants to the U S
New York’s 71st Infantry Regiment
The Poor Man’s Fight
Soldiers on both sides
experienced the devastation of
war.
Disease spread rapidly through
military camps because …
Unsanitary practices and close
quarters.
•Soldiers on both sides were
tired, sick, hungry, wet, scared,
and lonely.
No matter which side, the
soldiers fought bravely to
defend their cause.
When the men left for war, what
did women do?
Why were women’s lives difficult
during the war?
Civil War Living
Women
Were left behind to tend
to the farms and run the
plantations.
The lives of women were
made especially difficult
because of shortages of
supplies such as clothes and
food needed by the
southern soldiers.
Clothing was often patched to make it last so
that soldiers could have the use of new
clothes
Why did women need to find substitutes
for products or go without products?
What did women do to help the war’s
cause?
As Union forces advanced, what did
women do?
Civil War Living
Women found
substitutes for many
products or did without
Inflation made
Confederate money
worthless.
Some women served as
nurses to the wounded
or raised money for the
cause.
Many were forced to
flee their homes as Union
forces advanced, only to
return to ruins.
What did both slave and free
children do during the war?
What roles did children have in the
armed forces?
Civil War Living
Civil War also had an impact on
children
Both slave and free children
assisted around the farm or
plantation.
They suffered the same
hardships and shortages as
everyone else during the war.
Some boys as young as 10
enlisted in the armed forces,
served as drummer boys and
standard (flag) bearers, were
sometimes caught in the
crossfire and died for their cause
Johnny Shiloh was only 10 years-old
when he joined the Union army.
What two ways did slaves receive their
freedom during the war?
What did the Emancipation Proclamation
say?
What was the effect of the
Emancipation Proclamation in the
Confederate states?
Civil War Living
Slaves & the War
oFled to nearby Union lines to
claim their freedom
oStayed on the plantation and
waited for the Union army to free
them.
Emancipation Proclamation
President Lincoln
Henry Louis Stephens’ painting of
a man reading a newspaper
entitled “Presidential
Proclamation/Slavery”
All slaves in areas that had not
yet been captured by the Union
army were free.
These states, still under the
control of the Confederacy, did not
obey the Union president.
When African Americans joined the
Union Army, how were they
treated?
Civil War Living
Unoccupied Confederate
states ignored Lincoln
•The Emancipation Proclamation
never actually freed a single
slave.
It did allow African
Americans to fight for the
Union Army and many
volunteered immediately.
Although African American
troops served as well as any
other soldier, they were
often discriminated against.
When General William Sherman
marched to the sea, what was his
goal?
How did Sherman’s march affect
South Carolina?
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Union General William
Sherman marched into South
Carolina after his capture of
Atlanta and his march-to-thesea.
Sherman’s goal was to
make “total war”, bringing
the war home to civilians to
convince the South to
surrender.
Map of the route taken by Sherman &
his troops
This had a direct impact on
the civilians in SC
Destroying homes,
plantations, railroads and
towns along the way.
What happened to Columbia when
Sherman’s troops reached it?
Why did Sherman want to convince
South Carolina to surrender?
Sherman’s March to the Sea
The state house in Columbia
was under construction as
Sherman marched through
state’s capital.
The capital building was
shelled by Sherman’s
troops and the city was set
on fire
Even though there is some
controversy over who started
the fire
Sherman especially
wanted to convince SC to
surrender since it was the
first state to secede from
the Union.
“Sherman's March of 1865 burned the majority
of downtown Columbia to the ground. This is
a view down Main Street, taken from the
capitol.” -Sciway.net
When the war was over, what
happened to South Carolina’s
plantation owners?
The Aftermath
When the Civil War
ended, many plantations
had been destroyed.
War brought an end to
slavery and the
plantation owners lost
the fortunes that had
been tied up in slave
property.
The difficult period of
rebuilding had just begun
for South Carolina and
other Southern states.
Anaconda Plan