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Compromise and Succession
Chapter 14
The Compromise of 1850
• What incidents led to the issues that were
discussed in the Compromise of 1850?
• What were the two sides of the debate in the
Compromise of 1850?
• Ultimately, what did Henry Clay pass
through as the solution? What did each side
receive? (Fugitive Slave Act)
Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty
The Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty left the balance of slave and free
states up for grabs as the new territories began to apply for
statehood
California Statehood
The growth of San Francisco due to the gold rush was a big reason
why California applied for statehood as a free state
Henry Clay
Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 before the Senate:
1) California is a free state
2) Gained Mexican lands are now divided into New Mexico and
Arizona and popular sovereignty decides slavery issue
3) Federal government will pay off Texas debt
4) Allow slavery to continue in Washington D.C.
5) Enforce a new Fugitive Slave Law
Defiance of the Compromise
• What caused the North to ultimately defy
the promises that they made in the
Compromise of 1850? (Uncle Tom’s Cabin
by Harriet Beecher Stowe)
• How did the Election of 1852 suggest that
the issue of slavery had replaced Manifest
Destiny as the main issue?
Fugitive Slave Act
The
Fugitive
Slave Law
created a
backlash in
the North
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
This book by Harriet Beecher Stowe further aroused Northern feelings
for the slaves
Election of 1852
Slavery
becomes the
main issue as
Scott (Whig)
loses to Pierce
(Democrat)
Pierce –
Popular
Sovereignty
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
• What caused the massive political changes
in the mid-1850s?
• What was the original intent of the KansasNebraska Act and how did it get passed?
• What sectional and political outcries were
caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Stephen A. Douglas proposed a new map dividing Kansas and
Nebraska in order to advance their settlement, but had to appease the
South by allowing both states to use popular sovereignty
Party Realignments and Divisions
• After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, what new
political parties sprung up and what were
their ideals? (Know-Nothings, Republicans)
• What were the causes of “Bleeding
Kansas”? (Lecompton v. Topeka, John
Brown and Sack of Lawrence)
• What events after Kansas showed a further
national division? (Brooks-Sumner
Incident)
• What was the result of the election of 1856
and what new era did it signal?
Free Soilers
The reaction of the Free-Soil Movement to the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Know-Nothings (American
Party)
The Know-Nothings became a legitimate anti-slavery option before
their radical conspiracies eventually turned members away
The Republican Party
The Republicans
became a coalition of
the Liberty, Free-Soil,
and Know-Nothing
anti-slavery advocates
as they opposed the
new Kansas-Nebraska
Act
Lecompton Constitution
This small house
held the
Lecompton
legislature, which
passed slavery
laws in Kansas
The rival Topeka
legislature
disputed their
authority, causing
a civil war in
Kansas
“Bleeding Kansas”
The Sack of Lawrence and John Brown’s Massacre (shown above)
opened the eyes of the nation to the civil war in Kansas and heightened
the slavery issue
Brooks-Sumner Incident
When Preston Brooks (South) attacked Charles Sumner (North) with a
club in the Senate, the division of North and South was clear
The Election of 1856
Fremont
gives the
Republicans
a strong
showing in
the North,
while
Buchanan
narrowly
wins due to
“Solid
South”
The “Penny Press”
• Create a 1 page newspaper story on any of
the events that happened between the
Compromise of 1850 and the Election of
1856. Make sure to include 2 causes of the
event, 2 happenings within the event, any
people that were involved, 2 “possible
effects” of the event, and a visual sketch of
the event.
The Union in Crisis
• What was the role of the Supreme Court
regarding the slavery issue? (Dred Scott
Case)
• What were the causes of the South
considering the idea of succession from the
union? (Harper’s Ferry, Panic of 1857)
• What impact did the Lincoln-Douglas
debates have on party ideologies and future
elections? (Illinois Senate Race)
Dred Scott claimed
he was free after his
master took him to
the North, but the
mostly Southern
Supreme Court ruled
that he, like all
blacks, were not
citizens of the US
Also, the Supreme
Court ruled that
Congress could not
stop the expansion
of slavery due to the
5th Amendment
property rights
Harpers Ferry
John
Brown’s
raid of
Harper’s
Ferry was
only one of
the reasons
why the
South
considered
breaking
from the
Union
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Douglas, running for his Illinois Senate Seat, ran into the unknown
challenger Abraham Lincoln, who challenged him to debates in which
Lincoln held his “middle ground” stance while forcing Douglas to make
his “Freeport Doctrine” speech in favor of abolishing slavery to win
Douglas’s stance split the Democratic Party between anti-slavery and
pro-slavery supporters, while Lincoln became a legitimate candidate
The Union Collapses
• What were the results of the election of
1860? (Four Way Election)
• What were the final compromise attempts
by the North and South, and why did they
fail? (Crittenden Compromise)
• What event started the Civil War and how
did each side respond to the conflict? (Fort
Sumter)
Election of 1860When Lincoln and
Douglas met again
in the Presidential
election, Lincoln
supported no
slavery expansion
and Douglas
popular
sovereignty
Breckenridge wanted laws protecting slavery
Bell wanted to unite the country
(Constitutional Union Party)
But the damage
had been done and
the Southern
Democratic
candidate split the
votes, allowing
Lincoln to win
Stages of Secession
After Lincoln’s victory, the Deep Southern states seceded from the
Union and created the Confederate States of America led by
Jefferson Davis
John Crittenden
Author of the Crittenden
Compromise, he attempted to get the
Deep South to return to the Union by
offering to redraw the Missouri
Compromise line and give the
government less power to control
slavery
Lincoln shot down the Compromise,
claiming he had won fairly and
promised the free-soilers he would
not give in to Southern demands
Fort Sumter
The Confederate Flag flies at
Ft. Sumter, Charleston after
the bombardment forced the
Union to abandon the fort
Lincoln called up 75,000
volunteers to put down the
“rebellion”
The Upper South states
instead joined the Confederacy
in their bid to remain separate
from the Union
Order in the Court Essay
• In pairs, in relation to the charge against
your person, choose to be the defendant or
prosecutor
• Create an essay with a thesis, at least two
paragraphs and six specifics, and a
conclusion
• As the prosecutor, come up with an essay to
explain why the person is GUILTY
• As the defendant, come up with a defense
essay of your actions to explain that you are
NOT GUILTY