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Brother Against Brother
The United States of America
The Confederate States of America
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Known as the Union, Yanks, Blues, Billy
Yank and the USA
Army was constantly under the
command of new generals and pushed
for fast victories
Was supplied and equipped vastly more
than then the CSA
Also called the Army of the Potomac
Generals were not very experienced
and the army originally thought of itself
as invincible, tries to fight most of the
war on southern soil in the hopes of
destroying the remaining southern
resources
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Known as the Rebels, Confederates, Grays,
Johnny Reb and the CSA
Army is known as Army of Northern
Virginia
Army was very consistent in leadership
with only 2 major commanding generals
all war (Johnston for a few battles and
then Lee for the rest of the war)
Very poorly supplied and equipped as the
South did not have much resources and
overseas trading allies
Very well trained by experienced generals
and fought hard on their own soil
Plan is to outlast the Union and win their
independence by attrition
Lincoln’s War
• Lincoln runs for president by promising to keep the Union together
• Many Americans are confused by his promises to end slavery but not
until the Union is saved
• Upon Lincoln’s election, he becomes the 1st president to preside
while a US state left the nation
• To establish order in the Union, to honor his promise and to show
future states that they must abide by the Constitution, Lincoln must
end this war as fast as humanly possible and in a grand way
Early Troubles
• Lincoln originally asks Robert E. Lee to be the new commanding general of
the Union Army but due to his family being in Virginia he declines
• Lincoln then considers Ulysses S. Grant for command but Congress refuses
to allow it over fears of his drinking, cursing and bad behavior; Congress
goes as far as sending Grant to fight out west away from the Civil War so
that he cannot embarrass America in the eyes of the world
• Lincoln is next faced with the large scale defection of USA generals to the
newly formed army of the Confederacy
• Lincoln is left with 70 year old Winfield Scott – a veteran and hero of the
Mexican American War 20 years prior
Southern Generals
Joseph Johnston
• Starts the war as the CSA’s
commanding general
• Argues with CSA President
Jefferson Davis over every detail
• Davis will tire of Johnston and
after he is severely wounded in
battle, will replace him with
Robert E. Lee for the rest of the
war
• Johnston is continually given less
resources throughout the war
and forced into almost no win
situations in each battle as
punishment
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Robert E. Lee
Takes over command of the Army of
Northern Virginia and remains the
South’s main general the rest of the
war
Has the ability to intuit the battlefield
and deeply cares for his troops, so
much so that they will do impossible
things in battle to show their gratitude
Makes very few mistakes on the
battlefield but when he does they are
major mistakes, should have won the
war in the 1st two years of the war but
losses at Antietam and Gettysburg
were too much to overcome along with
a failing Southern economy
General Winfield Scott
“Old Winnie”
• Commanding general
from April 1861 –
November 1861
• Failed to stop the attack
on Fort Sumter or the 1st
Battle of Bull Run
• Almost gave up
Washington DC on the 1st
battle
• Replaced by George
McClellan on Nov 1, 1861
The Anaconda Plan
• General Winfield Scott creates his
battle plan called the “Anaconda
Plan”
• Older, tired of war, underestimating
the CSA, Scott believes if he can
surround the south’s sea ports while
troops enter from the Mississippi
river, he can strangle the CSA into
surrender just as an anaconda
strangles it’s prey for food
• Lincoln approves the plan in 1861
and orders Scott to end the war as
fast as possible by all means possible
as long as it does not demoralize the
citizens of the CSA
• While General Scott is attempting to
finalize all anaconda plans, the CSA
not only attacks Fort Sumter but also
wins the 1st major battle of the war
at Manassas (Bull Run)
General George McClellan
• George McClellan is the commanding
general from November 1, 1861 to
March 1, 1862
• McClellan was overly cautious and
refused to engage the CSA, he believed
if he could avoid a battle the South
would someday just give up and return
to the Union
• Disagreed and argued with Lincoln
almost all of the time, even went as far
as to call Lincoln names and openly
criticize his battle plans to anyone that
would listen
• Even though he had been demoted
from commanding general, McClellan’s
army meets Lee at Antietam
• After his military career is over, he will
run for president against Lincoln in
1864 and lose
General Henry Halleck
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Promoted to commanding general of
the Western Campaign (fighting past
the Mississippi) in March of 1862 and
to commanding general of the entire
war in November of 1862
Halleck’s victories out west made him
a name in Congress, but the reality
was that his 2nd in command was
truly the reason the USA won so
many battles in the west, it was
General Ulysses S. Grant
Halleck held high standards for his
soldiers and behaved ethically, but is
quickly exposed as a southern
sympathizer and does not push the
army to win battles as much as
Lincoln would like
He is replaced in March of 1864 by
General Ulysses S. Grant
General Ulysses S. Grant
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After extremely successful campaigns at Shiloh Church
and Vicksburg, Lincoln demands Grant be approved as
commanding general in March of 1864
Congress running out of options agrees to let Lincoln
promote him with the understanding that if Grant
embarrasses the USA, he will be fired and Lincoln will be
impeached
When asked why Grant had to be the commanding
general, Lincoln only replied “because he fights”
Grant tells Lincoln of a new battle plan which will use
“total warfare” on the South to end the rebellion
He agrees to take the job under the condition that he
runs the war not Lincoln, his next 2 in command
(Sherman and Sheridan) are placed under only his
authority and that all 3 are protected for war crimes at
the end of the war
Grant is known as “unconditional surrender” Grant and
the “butcher of the South” Grant, while his tactics are
brutal and cost many lives, he is the only man that can
beat Lee and the CSA
Grant finally forces Lee to surrender at Appomattox
Court House in 1865
Early Union Losses
Fort Sumter
• The 1st military action of the war,
the CSA surprisizes the USA by
attacking this fort proving that it
did have an army and intended to
use it against America
Manassas - “1st Bull Run”
• 1st major battle of the war, legend of Stonewall Jackson is born
• Scott is caught off guard and completely underestimates the strength of the
CSA
• He allows residents of DC to sit on the battlefield and watch the CSA get
defeated, in the end the CSA destroys the USA and many of the citizens get
killed during the retreat
• Washington DC is almost captured during this battle
• Fought on the land owned by Wilmer Mclean
Iron Clads &
Antietam
Monitor vs. Merrimack
• The first battle between iron clad
ships
• Both CSA and USA had been
developing the technology without
the other side knowing and the two
ships meet each other off the coast
of Virginia
• Since both are made of iron, the
cannon balls bounce off the ships
and both sail home in a tie
Sharpsburg - “Antietam”
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Single bloodiest day in American
history
Burnside’s Bridge and the Bloody
Lane
Burnside has Lee’s battle plans
even with a map but McClellan is
skeptic and refuses to fully attack
Lee while he has the chance
Lee is allowed to retreat when the
war could have been over
Shiloh
• Grant’s army is moving through western Tennessee and runs ½ of the
entire CSA army
• Fought in a field with a church on it, in that era this was considered the
most devastating and inhuman act of war
• Grant’s tactics work but at a cost, Shiloh kills more men in 1 day than any
battle to this point ever in American history
• To cross the battlefield soldiers had to walk on the backs of the dead
without touching grass, also known as the “hornets nest”
• The wounded laid in the mud for days getting severe infections, some of
which glowed green at night
The CSA Almost
Wins the War
Fredericksburg
2nd Bull Run
• Considered the CSA’s largest
victory of the entire war
• Lee’s 1st major victory of the
war
• Burnside is crushed by Lee and
has to retreat all the way back
to the North where he is fired
as commanding general
• Fought on the same farm at 1st
Bull Run
• Again the USA does not realize
the strength of the CSA and
almost has DC captured with
Lincoln inside the White House
• Generals Johnston and
Longstreet defeat the USA and
the war would be over if not
for trouble crossing the creek
called “Bull Run”
The Emancipation
Proclamation
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On January 1st, 1863 President Lincoln
declared that all slaves held in the CSA
were now and forever free from slavery
While the proclamation did not truly
effect the slaves since they were not
living in a country under Lincoln’s
control, it did allow for Black Americans
in the North to join the military and
help fight to free Southern Slaves
It also officially states the North’s
banning and outlawing of slavery once
and for all, while showing Lincoln’s
intent to free the Southern Slaves once
the war was finished
Lincoln had intended to free all slaves
after the Civil War, but after a series of
crushing defeats early in the war
(especially at Antietam) he knows this
may be his last chance to do
The Emancipation
Proclamation
Surprises in the War
Chancellorsville
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Huge CSA victory, proves that Lee replacing
Johnston was not a fluke
Fightin’ Joe Hooker is now in command of the
Union army and by the end of the battle the
north is almost forced to surrender
Hooker does his best, but he cannot match Lee
on the battlefield
Stonewall Jackson is killed by accident by his own
men, on a stormy night in battle he rides through
a picket line and does not hear the troops ask for
a password, he is shot 3 times – this is important
because Lee loses his most trusted military ally
and friend, his death could destroy the CSA but
his replacement Longstreet takes over just as
well as he did
Siege of Vicksburg
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Grant’s army is ordered to move further
south and control the Mississippi River
For 3 months Grant surrounds the city
and brings it to their knees
This city is key to controlling ships on
the Mississippi River, if he can control
Vicksburg he can cut the south into 2,
knocking Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana
out of the war
Vicksburg surrenders 1 day after
Gettysburg is over giving the Union 2
major victories in the same week
The Battle of Gettysburg
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Considered the turning point in the war
Single bloodiest battle in US Military
history
Fought in Pennsylvania on July 1st -3rd,
1863
The battle is such a huge union victory
that Lincoln designates the battlefield
as America’s 1st military cemetery when
he dedicates it with the famous
“Gettysburg Address”
Lee considers Pickett’s Charge his
greatest mistake of the entire war
Small seminary college in south central
Pennsylvania but near a shoe and
clothing factory, Lee’s troops
desperately need uniforms so he
decides to invade the North
Devil’s Den, Seminary Ridge, Cemetery
Hill, Big and Little Round Top, Pickett’s
Charge
Gettysburg – The Devil’s Den
Gettysburg – Little Round Top
Gettysburg – Pickett’s Charge