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The End of the Civil War
Ch 16-5
Turning Points of the War…
A Quick Review
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The Battle of Antietam
• Northern forces stop Confederate
momentum by stopping their advance
on Washington in this bloody battle.
The loss of life greatly damages the
south and weakens their chances of
quick European intervention
Turning Points of the War…
A Quick Review

Emancipation Proclamation
• Though not actually freeing slaves, this
document did broadcast that slaves
would be free in the South if the North
wins the war, thereby making the
Confederates look as though they’re
fighting only to keep their slaves. This
makes France and England withdraw
their support of the South
Keep an Eye Out for These
Turning Points!
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Gettysburg
Sherman’s March to the Sea
The War Drags On
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Both sides share feelings of hope and
frustration throughout the war
In 1862-1863, the South grew
confident that victory was again in
their grasp
This feeling was chiefly due to the
leadership of Robert E. Lee, general
of the unbeatable Army of Northern
Virginia
Southern Victories

Fredericksburg
• Lee’s army meets Burnside’s army near
a Virginia town
• Burnside had the larger army, but the
Confederates were so well entrenched
that Burnside’s troops could not
overtake them
• Devastated by the loss of life his troops
sustained, Burnside resigns
Southern Victories
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Chancellorsville
• General Hooker, Burnside’s
replacement, is attacked by Lee
• Lee boldly divides his army to surround
his enemy, and wins the battle
• However, heavy casualties were taken
by the South, including the death of
“Stonewall” Jackson
Gettysburg
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Despite heavy losses, Lee decides to
invade the North
Lincoln realizes that, instead of
destroying Richmond, Lee’s army
needed to be destroyed
• Why?
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When Hooker refuses to attack,
Lincoln fires and replaces him with
George Meade
Gettysburg

The two armies met by accident near
the small town of Gettysburg, PA
• Southern army had invaded the town looking
for shoes
• Northerners initially pushed out of the town by
South, but establish strong defensive position
Pickett’s Charge
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On the third day of Gettysburg, Lee
launches a controversial attack
• 13,000 soldiers rush to the Yankee front
line, hoping to penetrate their defenses
• Instead, the soldiers made easy
pickings for Union soldiers
• Barely half would survive the charge
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Lee realizes his plan has failed, and
retreats to VA
Gettysburg
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Major Turning Point
• Stops Southern advances
• Greatly weakens Confederate army
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George Meade proud of victory
Lincoln upset that once again, Rebels
allowed to escape instead of being
captured once and for all
View from Cemetery Ridge
Vicksburg, MS
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The battle of Vicksburg took place
during the battle of Gettysburg
It was the last city the North needed
to seize to control the Mississippi
River
The Union wins, and the Mississippi
becomes a tool for the North until
the war would end two years later
The Gettysburg Address

Two minute speech where Lincoln
beautifully expressed what the war
had come to mean:
• It is for the living to make sure the dead
had not died in vain
• That the United States will experience
freedom
• And that the government of the people,
by the people, and for the people shall
continue on
Ulysses S. Grant

Grant was not a typical war hero
• Small, unkempt
• Drinking problem

However, impressed Lincoln for one
main reason:
• While other generals made excuses to
not attack the enemy, Grant would
always pursue a retreating army and
followed Lincoln’s orders to the letter
Grant’s Plan

To end the war, Grant came up with
following plan:
• In the west, Sherman would advance to
Georgia and crush the major Southern
city in Atlanta
• The Army of the Potomac would
advance to Virginia and destroy Lee’s
army
Virginia Battles
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Three battles ensure near Richmond,
Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court
House, and Cold Harbor
The Confederates holds on, but
Grant does not relent in attacking
• Grant called a butcher for sacrificing
more than 60,000 men
• Lincoln supports him
• Grant’s assault last nine months
1864
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As Grant attacked Virginia, other
changes were occurring
Lincoln nearly loses reelection.
Thanks to last-minute Union
victories, he keeps office
David Farragut seizes the Gulf of
Mexico, giving the Union complete
control
General Sherman captures Atlanta
The March to the Sea
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Atlanta is a major population center
for the South
• What little industry the South had was
located there
• Sherman engages in Total War,
destroying homes, food, and people
throughout Atlanta
• He advances his troops across GA to the
Atlantic, burning and destroying
everything they come across
Victory
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Grant continues his assault on the
Army of Northern Virginia
Hunger, sickness, death, and
desertion take their toll
Richmond is taken on April 2, 1865
Lee’s army continues to fight, hoping
to stop Sherman’s advance, but
realizes the situation was hopeless
Victory
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At Appomattox Court House, Grant
meets Lee face to face
• Grant allows all soldiers to return home
after surrendering their weapons
• North Carolina, which was never
overtaken, surrenders days later
• Jefferson Davis is captured there
Results of the War
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The Civil War was the most
devastating conflict in American
history
• Billions of dollars in damage, mostly in
South
• 600,000 soldiers died
• Federal government now strengthened,
and federalism proven to be more
powerful than state’s rights
• Millions of African-Americans freed