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American History Review Civil War and Cold War 2012 Why was the election of 1848 significant? The Free-Soilers diverted enough votes from the Democrats to let Taylor win Free-Soil party, in U.S. history, political party that came into existence in 1847–48 chiefly because of rising opposition to the extension of slavery All of the following were components of the Compromise of 1850 except (A) A new Fugitive Slave Law was passed (B) Slavery was banned in Washington, D.C. (C) Popular sovereignty would determine the future of slavery in the territories (D) California was admitted as a free state All of the following steeled Northern public opinion against the South except (A) The Kansas-Nebraska Act (B) The Wilmot Proviso (C) Uncle Tom’s Cabin (D) The Fugitive Slave Law The Wilmot Proviso, one of the major events leading to the Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act anger Americans in the North? It effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise Who were the “border ruffians”? Proslavery Missourians who rushed to Kansas after Congress passed the KansasNebraska Act Why did Stephen Douglas push the Kansas-Nebraska Act through Congress in 1854? A) He wanted a northern transcontinental railroad to terminate in Chicago (B) He wanted to resolve the slavery debate (C) He wanted to increase his stature within the Democratic Party (D) All of the above What did Lincoln do in his first inaugural address? Professed his friendship for the South and said he would ignore South Carolina’s illegal secession What did John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry demonstrate? That Northern and Southern opinions on slavery were irreconcilable What did Harriet Tubman and other Underground Railroad “conductors” defy? The Fugitive Slave Law Why were the Lincoln-Douglas debates significant in Lincoln’s political career? They boosted him to national prominence Which of the following was one reason the border states were so important to the Union? They would have doubled Confederate manufacturing capabilities had they seceded Lincoln was different from Davis in that he Had a knack for understanding and using public opinion to his advantage Why was Britain not as dependent on Southern cotton as the Confederacy had believed? Cotton could also be obtained from Egypt and India What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? Freed slaves in secessionist states The Union victory at Antietam was significant because (A) It convinced Britain not to forge an alliance with the South (B) It gave Lincoln the opportunity to fire George McClellan (C) It gave Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation (D) All of the above The Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg Were the major turning point in the war Which of the following actions by Lincoln violated the Constitution? A) His order of a naval blockade of the South (B) His increase of the size of the U.S. Army (C) His authorization of illegal voting methods in the border states (D) All of the above Why did Lincoln suspend the writ of habeas corpus? To enable Confederate sympathizers to be arrested without being formally charged The Confederacy collapsed at the end of the war for all of the following reasons except Massive slave uprisings Lincoln’s primary objective during the war was To restore the Union Who won the presidential election of 1864? Abraham Lincoln What was the first state to secede during the civil war? South Carolina COLD WAR QUESTIONS Joseph McCarthy’s political influence waned after The Army-McCarthy hearings What did the Montgomery G.I. Bill do? Gave money to World War II veterans to go to school America’s postwar economic prosperity was the result of all of the following except The creation of the World Bank Truman fired General MacArthur for Publicly criticizing Truman What was the Marshall Plan intended to do? Rebuild war-ravaged Europe The imaginary line of secrecy and mistrust that separated the USSR and Eastern Europe from the West was known as The iron curtain The United States and the USSR distrusted each other after World War II for all of the following reasons except The United States and Great Britain had wanted to assassinate Stalin during the war In which U.S. presidential election did television first play a major role? 1960 Kennedy’s doctrine of “flexible response” Allowed foreign policy officials to use a range of strategies to fight Communists abroad, depending on the crisis Eisenhower cut many federally funded government programs in order to curb what he called “Creeping socialism” The fall of the French garrison at Dien Bien Phu in 1954 prompted Eisenhower to funnel U.S. funds into fighting Communist-leaning North Vietnamese Which Kennedy initiative hoped to thwart Communist insurgents in Latin America by reducing income inequality in the region? The Alliance for Progress All of the following were consequences of the Cuban missile crisis except A) The USSR removed its nuclear warheads from Cuba (B) The United States removed its nuclear warheads from Turkey (C) Kennedy authorized the Bay of Pigs invasion (D) Khrushchev was removed from power in the USSR The United States and the USSR came closest to nuclear war during the Cuban missile crisis What did Kennedy’s New Frontier program seek to do? Increase social welfare spending The belief that the United States had to prevent the USSR from expanding and Communism from spreading was known as Containment Why did the USSR vehemently oppose the Marshall Plan? It feared invasion from a newly industrialized Germany What did Republicans in the House of Representatives create in order to hunt for Communist spies? HUAC Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) The Warsaw Pact was signed because…. To create an Eastern bloc alliance to counter NATO The leader of nationalist, Communist forces in Vietnam in the 1950s was Ho Chi Minh Who constituted the bulk of the Bay of Pigs invasion force? Cuban exiles and expatriates Cuban leader Fidel Castro allowed the USSR to place nuclear missiles in Cuba after The Bay of Pigs invasion The Cold War was fought between the United States and USSR