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Why did Southern states secede?
Did any state have a right to leave the
Union?
Was Lincoln right to use military force to
keep the Union intact?
Electoral Maps
Major Civil War Events
Election of Lincoln (1860), followed by the
secession of Southern states who feared that
Lincoln would abolish slavery.
Ft. Sumter: Opening confrontation of the
Civil War
Major Events
Emancipation Proclamation issued
Gettysburg: Turning point of the Civil War
Appomattox: Site of Lee’s surrender to
Grant
Key Leaders
Abraham Lincoln: US President during the Civil
War, insisted that the Union be held together by
force.
Jefferson Davis: US Senator who became
President of the Confederacy
Ulysses S. Grant: Union military commander
Key Leaders
Robert E. Lee: Confederate
general of the Army of Northern
Virginia
Frederick Douglass: Former slave
who became an abolitionist and
urged Lincoln to recruit former
slaves to fight in the Union army
Emancipation
Proclamation
Freed slaves located in “rebelling” states
Made destruction of slavery a Northern war goal
Discouraged interference of foreign nations
Allowed for enlistment of African American
soldiers in the Union Army
Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to
preserve a nation that was dedicated to the
proposition that “all men are created equal” and
that was ruled by a government “of the people, by
the people, and for the people.”
• Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a
collection of sovereign states. Southerners
believed that states had freely joined the union and
could freely leave.
After four years of arduous service, marked by
unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of
Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to
overwhelming numbers and resources. I need not tell
the survivors of so many hard-fought battles, who
have remained steadfast to the last, that I have
consented to this result from no distrust of them: but,
feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish
nothing that could compensate for the loss that would
have attended the continuation of the contest… You
will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from
the consciousness of duty faithfully performed; and I
earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you
His blessing and protection. With an increasing
admiration of your constancy and devotion to your
country, and a grateful remembrance of your kind and
generous consideration of myself, I bid you an
Consequences of the
Civil War
Lincoln’s view that the
United States was one
nation (indivisible)
had prevailed.
After the Civil War
Lincoln believed that since secession was
illegal, Confederate governments in the
Southern states were illegitimate and the
states had never really left the Union.
He believed that Reconstruction was a
matter of quickly restoring legitimate state
governments that were loyal to the Union in
the Southern states.
Assassination of Lincoln
The assassination of Lincoln just a few days
after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox enabled
Radical Republicans to influence the
process of Reconstruction in a manner
much more severe towards the former
Confederate states. The states that seceded
were not allowed back into the Union
immediately, but were put under military
occupation.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alr
intr.html
After Lincoln…
Radical Republicans also believed in
aggressively guaranteeing voting and other
civil rights to African Americans. They
clashed repeatedly with Lincoln’s successor
as President, Andrew Johnson, over the
issue of civil rights for freed slaves,
eventually impeaching him, but failing to
remove him from office.
After the Civil War
Lincoln also believed that once the war was
over, to reunify the nation the federal
government should not punish the South but
act “with malice towards none, with charity
for all… to bind up the nation’s wounds….”
End of Civil War
President Lincoln’s views on the end of
the Civil War included:
-the United States was one nation indivisible
 -secession was illegal and thus, that the
Southern states had never left the Union.
-reunification should not include punishment
of the South, but should act “with malice towards
none, with charity for all...to bind up the nation’s
wounds....”
