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Europe
Comenius Project 2005/06
Lucia Massi
The post war period:
to the1960s
2nd World War
Europe
Bombardment
Military
operations
inflation
Grave
economic
damage
Serious balance Unemployment
of payment
deficits
Millions of
dead
Plan of intervention in favour of
the rebirth of Europe
Harry Truman
&
George Marshall
President of
U.S.A.
Project (directed)
America wanted to
counteract Soviet
expansionism
“not against any country or doctrine
but against hunger, poverty,
desperation and chaos”
The birth of the EOEC and
the ECSC
2 important steps:
European Organisation
for Economic
Cooperation
EOEC
16 western European
states
European Coal and
Steel Community
ECSC
In 1952
So…
Elimination of
Import and
export
duties
Subsidies to
industries
Other
measures
of support
in individual
countries
The birth of the EEC and
EURATOM
Rome:1957
EEC
European
Economic
Community
EURATOM
European Atomic
Energy
Community
The EEC
3 Targets
Elimination of
customs
barriers
Development
of a common
system of
customs
duties
Creation of
a common
agricultural
policy
The birth of the European
Community: 1967
EEC
ECSC
EURATOM
Joined together as
EC (European Community)
1.to
2.to
3.to
4.to
improve living and working conditions;
reduce economic disparity between regions ;
help underdeveloped countries;
maintain peace and freedom;
The ‘60s and the ’70s: development
of the European Community
Political
Crises
Economic
Resolved with the
widening of EEC
Denmark
Ireland
1973
United Kingdom
Economic and population growth
Helsinki Conference:1973
Helsinki Conference
Helped to bring together Eastern
and Western Europe in a common
struggle to develop civil liberties
and rights.
1979 & 1981
1979
The European
Parliament was for
the first time
elected directly by
the citizens
1981
Greece joined
the EEC.
The EMS: The
European
Monetary System
Ecu:an ideal
currency to control
oscillation in
continental
currencies
The UEA 1986
Luxemburg:1986
9 member states signed the
unique European Act
Revision of the treaty of
Rome
Objectives
Social policy
Environmental protection
Technological research
Reduction of gaps between the various
regions
The Maastricht Treaty
Signed on 7th February 1992
by 12 countries
Coming into force in November 1993
Economic, political and
cultural integration
The Maastricht Treaty launched the EU towards
a form of collective cooperation which had no
historical precedent
Main objectives of the Maastricht
Treaty
1. The promotion of balanced economic and
social development through the creation of “ a
space without internal frontiers”;
2. The reinforcement of economic and social cohesion;
3. Economic and monetary union based on the free
circulation of capitals, goods, people and above all the
institution of a single European currency;
4. A common foreign and security policy in terms of a
common defence policy;
5. The institution of a Community citizenship
with the aim of reinforcing the observance of
rights and cooperation in the field of justice.
The Treaty of Amsterdam: 1997
Amsterdam: 1997
Signed by the fifteen member states
Came into force in 1999
Objectives
To integrate the decisions of the
Schengen agreement with
relation to free circulation
To strengthen judicial cooperation in
crimes against children, corruption and
terrorism
The Treaty of Nice: 2000
Nice: 2000
The institutional
bodies of the EU’s
member countries
were reorganised
The first “paper of
fundamental rights
within the Union”
was agreed on
The Europe of 25
2003
Estonia
Lithuania
Latvia
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Hungary
Slovenia
Cyprus
Malta
Union of
25 states
Ceremony
in Dublin
2004
The ECB and the Euro
1998: Frankfurt
European Central Bank ECB
1999 EMU officially
came into being
12 countries
Eurolandia: new economic zone
Countries in EUROLANDIA
Spain
Austria
Belgium
Finland
Portugal
Netherlands
Luxemburg
Italy
France
Germany
Ireland
The European Constitution
Europe
Home of freedom
European Constitution
One
single
text
Civil, political,
economic and
social rights of
EUROPEAN
CITIZENS
Human values
The standards for the European Constitution respect
and guarantee inalienable human values that are
deeply rooted in European soil:
Dignity
Equality
Solidarity
Citizenship
Justice
“EVERY PERSON HAS THE
Liberty
RIGHT TO LIBERTY AND
SECURITY”
The importance of being free
What does it mean to live in a reality where
the rights of liberty are respected?
In Europe it is not possible to carry out an arrest without
first obtaining the authorisation of a judge;
None of the European member states are in favour of
the death penality.
European Constitution
affirms that:
“EVERY PERSON HAS THE RIGHT TO LIFE”
“NO ONE MAY BE CONDEMNED TO DEATH
OR EXECUTED”
“NO ONE MAY BE FORCED TO UNDERGO
TORTURE OR INHUMAN AND DEGRADING
TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT”
Other liberties in the UE
Liberty of every citizen of the Union to circulate
freely and stay in any European territory
Liberty of information and expression
In other countries, such as
China, this liberty isn’t
guaranteed
Liberty of religion etc.
The importance of
European Constitution:
With the new Constitution the European
Union provides proof of its efforts to
promote balanced and sustainable
development and the hope of a peaceful
future for the generations to come.
Liceo Classico Francesco Stelluti
Comenius Project 2005/2006