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Download The History and Membership of the EU
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The History and Membership of the EU AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT EEC The European Economic Community was formed in 1957 by the Treaty of Rome The EEC supplemented national economies with a customs-free area that created a larger trading space and allowed national firms to export more Countries adopted Common Agricultural Policies (CAP) that stimulated modernization of agriculture Because of the economic policies set forth, unemployment dropped and discretionary spending increased The EEC also expanded the use of social programs for health care, housing, pensions, and other public goods European Community The European Community (EC) was created in 1965 This organization expanded beyond just the economic policies pushed by the EEC As part of this organization, there was a push to unify how European Countries would use nuclear energy These policies largely limited European countries to using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes The EC was weakened by internal arguments, and a strong movement to strengthen the EC was not successful until the fall of the USSR in the 1980’s European Union The European Union (EU) The EU was formed in 1991 by the Maastricht Treaty The EU gained power over monetary policy, foreign affairs, national security, transportation, the environment, justice, and tourism The goal of the EU was to coordinate economic policies, create a common currency, and create a European Central Bank European Union The treaty established three pillars of authority 1. Trade an other economic matters, including economic and monetary union into a single currency, and the creation of the European Central Bank 2. Justice and home affairs, including policy governing asylum, border crossing, immigration, and judicial cooperation on crime and terrorism 3. Common foreign and security policy, including joint positions and actions, and common defense policy Membership As of 2013, 27 nations have joined the EU It began with 6 members in 1957 The rapid integration of social, economic, and political processes have caused many issues. These issues include: Organizational issues (27 countries) Expansion has brought in former Communist nations (poor economies) Eastern European immigration into their labor markets Membership In order to be accepted into the EU a country must: Have a stable and functioning democratic regime A market-oriented economy Willingness to accept all EU laws and regulations Recent polls have shown that there is currently a decline in the amount of people who want to see the EU enlarge This is largely due to the poor economic prospects of some prospective members This is referred to as enlargement fatigue
