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Essential Question
 What was the impact of
World War I on U.S.
society?
The War’s Impact
Bolshevik Revolution
 Bolsheviks =
communists who
wanted to take
control of Russia
 March 1917 –
Czar Nicholas II
left his throne
Vladimir Lenin
 Leader of the
Bolshevik Party
 Nov. 1917 – overthrew
the Russian
government
 Beginning of
communist
government
Red Scare
 Fear that
Communists were
trying to start a
revolution in the U.S.
 Many linked
Communist activities
with worker strikes
and immigration
A. Mitchell Palmer
 U.S. Attorney General
 Home bombed by
revolutionaries
 He organized a series
of raids on radical
organizations
J. Edgar Hoover
 Head of a new
division within the
Justice Department
 Became the Federal
Bureau of
Investigation (FBI)
End of Progressivism
 Election of 1920
 Winner = Warren G.
Harding
(Republican)
 Platform = U.S. must
return to “normalcy”
as before the
Progressive Era
reforms
A Clash of Values
Return of Nativism
 Immigrants from
southern and eastern
Europe
 Competition for jobs
with military men
 Many saw immigrants
as a threat to U.S.
stability and order
Ku Klux Klan
 Voice in restricting
immigration
 Targeted Catholics,
Jews, immigrants
Emergency Quota Act
 Signed by Harding
in 1921
 Limited immigration
with quotas
Henry Ford
 Goal?
 Make an
automobile
affordable for
every
household
 How?
Assembly Line
Prohibition
 January 1920
 18th amendment
– prohibition of
alcohol
 Enforced by the
Treasury
Department
Speakeasies
 Secret bars where
people could
purchase alcohol
 Bootlegging in rural
America
 Run by organized
crime (the mob)
Al Capone
 Dominated
organized crime in
Chicago
Mass Media
 Radio
 Movies
 Newspapers
 Magazines
 Aimed at a broad
audience
Mass Media
 Created a sense of
shared national
experience
 Quickly spread
new ideas and
attitudes
African American Culture
Harlem Renaissance
 Followed the Great
Migration
 Cities became full
of nightclubs and
music
 One center became
Harlem, NYC
Harlem Renaissance
 Growth of African
American arts
Langston Hughes
 Became the voice
of African
American
experience in the
United States
I, Too
I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
Tomorrow,
I’ll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody’ll dare
Say to me,
“Eat in the kitchen,”
Then.
Besides,
They’ll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed --I, too, am America.
Zora Neale Hurston
 First major stories
featuring African
American females
in lead roles
Louis Armstrong
 Early form of jazz
 Great cornet and
trumpet soloist
Duke Ellington
 Composer, pianist,
bandleader
 Got his start at the
Cotton Club
(Harlem nightspot)
Duke Ellington
“Everything, and I repeat, everything, had to
swing. And that was just it, those cats
really had it; they had that soul. And you
know you can’t just play some of this
music without soul. Soul is very
important.”
Cotton Club
Tin Pan Alley