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The Harlem Renaissance Uplifting of the Black Community Why do I care? The Harlem Renaissance is one of the most important expressions of art and intellect in the history of the United States. These authors, poets, artists, and countrymen did more to uplift the black community at the time than society would allow. What was the Harlem Renaissance? a distinctive African American cultural movement that displayed the arts - music, painting, dance, literature - in a unique way that drew on the legacy of the experience of the race as a whole took place in the Harlem section of New York City coined the phrase “Black is Beautiful” opened entertainment venues Apollo Theatre Cotton Club Background Information (1) between 1910 and 1920 in a movement known as the “Great Migration” hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved North to big cities in search of jobs by the end of 1920 5.2 million of the nation’s 12 million African Americans lived in cities Background Information (2) Why Harlem? this neighborhood was overbuilt with new apartment homes African American realtors bought many of these apartments and then leased the property to other African Americans whites moved out however overcrowded high unemployment rates widespread poverty Background Information (3) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded 1909 W.E.B. Du Bois was a founding member urged African Americans to protest racial violence published a magazine called The Crisis spoke out against lynching made anti-lynching legislation a priority Background Information (4) Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Agency Jamaican immigrant believed that African Americans should build a separate society founded the UNIA 1914 appealed to African Americans because of his spellbinding oratory, mass meetings, parades, and message of pride promoted African American ownership of businesses Who are the important people? music Louis Armstrong; trumpet Duke Ellington; pianist and composer Billie Holiday; singer Bessie Smith; blues singer painting Jacob Lawrence literature Langston Hughes; poet, novelist, playwright, and short story author Zora Neale Hurston; novelist Louis Armstrong What a Wonderful World trumpet player known for his astounding sense of rhythm and ability to improvise played jazz music a blend of ragtime and vocal blues Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington C Jam Blues jazz pianist and composer performed at the Cotton Club segregated whites and blacks Billie Holiday Summertime known for her soulful and often harsh voice Bessie Smith Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out blues singer highest paid black artist in the world during the 1920s Jacob Lawrence “dynamic cubism” influenced by the shapes and colors of Harlem Langston Hughes best known poet poems describe the difficult lives of working-class Americans I, Too, Sing America I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes. Nobody'll dare Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen,” Then. Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed-I, too, am America. Nora Neale Hurston portrayed the lives of poor, unschooled Southern blacks celebrated those who survived slavery through their ingenuity and strength Make it Stick What was the legacy of the Harlem Renaissance?