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Unit 1: Medieval Music 500 A.D – 1400 A.D (6th-15th centuries) Timeline Preview Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377) The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) The Black Death (1348-1350) Perotinus the Great (1160-1236) King Richard I (The Lionheart) (1157-1199) and the Crusades Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179) Guido of Arezzo (991-1033) Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179) Influential Female Nun, writer, philosopher, composer, herbologist… “Divine Visions” Combined LITURGY with POETRY and DRAMA. Example: Ordo Virtutum “Play of the Virtues” King Richard I (The Lionheart) (1157-1199) Kind of England (but preferred Duchy of Aquitaine, France) Christian commander in the Third Crusade. Troubadours wrote songs of him in war. Composed “Ja nus hons pris” to express feeling of abandonment Perotinus the Great (1160-1236) French teacher (“Perotin Magister”) First to compose music for four voices. (Early polyphony) Used intervals, not chords Wrote a book on HOW to compose polyphonic music (Magnus Liber Organi) The Black Death (1348-1350) The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) Originated in fleas carried by rats from China (silk road) Killed 30-60% of Europe’s Population World’s population from 450 million to 350 million. Swelling lymph nodes (“boils”) – death in 2 to 7 days. A term used for a group of mostly dynastic conflicts: Edwardian War (1337-1360), Caroline War (1369-1389), Lancastrian War (1415-1429), Breton War of Succession, Castilian Civil War, War of the Two Peters, 13831385 Crisis. Sparked French and English nationalism Led to revolution in Warfare and strategy Peasant involvement, less importance placed on expensive calvary. Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377) French poet and composer. Important part of the Ars Nova movement (distinct rhythms, “courtly love” songs) Known for being the first to write a full Mass by himself