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Impressionism Impressionism 101 Dates/Place 1850 – 1920/France The name of the movement is derived from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, Sunrise. Focused on a single moment of time Think of it as a snapshot with a camera. Subject Matter Everyday scenes of cafes and street life were common Claude Monet. Impression, Sunrise. 1872. Oil on canvas. Musee Marmottan Impressionism 101 Style and Technique Defined objects/subject matters by breaking it up into strokes of color. Visible brushstrokes. The use of color and light were important. When looking closely at an Impressionistic painting, the patches of color may not represent anything. When you back away, the colors will begin to blend and start to create recognizable objects. Impressionism 101 - Artists Impressionism Post-Impressionism Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and Mary Cassatt. Vincent Van Gogh, Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, Paul Gauguin, and Paul Cezanne. Neo-Impressionism Georges Seurat Claude Monet 1840 – 1926 A founder of impressionistic painting Subject matter Landscapes Series paintings Known for en plein air painting outdoors Claude Monet. Garden at Sainte-Adresse, 1867 Oil on canvas; 38 5/8 x 51 1/8 in. (98.1 x 129.9 cm) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City . Waterloo Bridge, 1902. Claude Monet By the 1890’s, Monet’s focus began on a series of the same subject, only at different times of the day and in different lights and weather conditions. The subject matter wasn’t as important as the qualities of light and color. Some of these subjects included haystacks, poplars, and the façade of the Rouen Cathedral. Claude Monet - Haystacks Grainstack. (Sunset.) Grainstacks in the Sunlight, Morning Effect Claude Monet - Haystacks Grainstacks (Snow Effect) Wheatstacks (End of Summer) Claude Monet. Rouen Cathedral, Facade (sunset), Oil on canvas. 1892-1894. Musée Marmottan-Monet. Paris, France. Claude Monet At the end of Monet’s career, his work revolved around his gardens at his home in Giverny. In 1899, he began a series of paintings of water lilies. He even built a special studio to accommodate the immense canvases of the lilies and his garden. Claude Monet. Bridge over a Pool of Water Lilies Oil on canvas. 1899. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Claude Monet – Water lilies Mary Cassatt 1845 – 1926 American Impressionist Mary Cassatt Subject Matter Best known for her portraits of women in domestic settings. Several of her works depict mothers with their children. Mary Cassatt. The Boating Party. 1893–94. Oil on canvas. 35 1/2 x 46 in. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Mary Cassatt. The Child's Bath (The Bath). 1893. Oil on canvas. Art Institute of Chicago. Edgar Degas Stage Rehearsal The Glass of Absinthe Pierre-Auguste Renoir Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette (Le Bal au Moulin de la Galette) Pierre-Auguste Renoir Luncheon of the Boating Party Vincent Van Gogh 1853 – 1890 Post-Impressionist Considered the greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt Vincent Van Gogh Didn’t start painting until later in his life Subject Matter More than 2,000 works in the last 10 years of his life Self-portraits, flowers, landscapes, still lifes Style Swirling brushstrokes Vincent Van Gogh. Sunflowers or Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers (August 1888) Oil on Canvas National Gallery, London, England •A series of paintings Vincent Van Gogh Throughout his life, Van Gogh experienced extreme poverty and depression His delicate health led to cutting off part of his left ear after an argument with Gauguin. Voluntarily admitted himself an asylum but continued to paint, including The Starry Night. Died from a self inflected bullet wound. Vincent Van Gogh. The Starry Night, June 1889. Oil on canvas. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Vincent Van Gogh. Cornfield with Cypresses. (1889) Vincent Van Gogh. The Café Terrace on the Place du Forum, Arles, at Night. September 1888. Oil on canvas. Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo Vincent Van Gogh. The Bedroom. (1889) Vincent Van Gogh. The Night Cafe. (1888) Paul Gauguin. Night Café at Arles. (1888) Paul Gauguin. Self-portrait. (1889-1890) Paul Cézanne. Basket of Apples, 1890-1894, Art Institute of Chicago Paul Cézanne. Forest. 1902-1904. Oil on canvas. 81.4 × 66 cm. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec . At the Moulin Rouge Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Georges Seurat Neo-Impressionist Known for his use of pointillism Separating colors into small dots “Seurat's Dots” The Circus. 1881 Georges Seurat. Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte. 1884-1886. Oil on canvas. The Art Institute of Chicago. Auguste Rodin 1840 – 1917 French Sculptor Known as first modern sculptor Known for: The Gates of Hell The Thinker Rodin’s The Gates of Hell Rodin’s The Thinker Part of The Gates of Hell Subject is contemplating a vision of hell. Several versions Wax mold process Impressionism Music Music Impressionist composers sought to evoke moods and sensuous impressions mainly through harmony and tone color. Meant to evoke a mood, a sentiment, or atmosphere Titles of compositions suggest the subject of the piece Claude Debussy (CLAW-d Duh-byoo-SEE) 1862 – 1918 French Impressionist composer Studied at the Paris Conservatory of Music Influences include Tchaikovsky and Wagner Claude Debussy Debussy avoided grand, dramatic subjects in favor of vague outlines of melody and rhythm, soft colorful tones, and shimmering effects. His music evoked the atmosphere of nature (wind, rain, sea, etc.) Claude Debussy Debussy’s circle of friends did not include other composers but rather Impressionist poets and painters who had a heavy influence on him. Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun Most celebrated orchestral work A “tone poem” Orchestral music in one movement in which the music provides the narrative to tell a story Inspired by a poem by Mallarme Debussy Other works: Nuages (Clouds) – orchestral composition Children’s Corner – piano composition Claire de lune (Moonlight) – piano composition Maurice Ravel (More-EECE Rah-VEL) 1875 - 1937 French composer and pianist Known for his moody, exotic compositions Influenced by Russian composers Maurice Ravel His piano, chamber, vocal, and orchestral music have become major parts of the concert repertoire. Composing small, self-contained “blocks” of phrases and then put them together in a larger structure. More concerned with classical form and balance than Debussy. Maurice Ravel Influenced by Russian composers Famous Works Bolero (Orchestra work) Daphnis and Chloe (ballet) Ravel Other popular works: Ma Mere l’Oye (Mother Goose Suite - piano duet) 5 pieces each telling a different story: Pavane of the Sleeping Beauty Petit poucet (Tom Thumb) Laideronnette imperatrice des pagodes (Little Ugly One, Empress of the Pagodas) Les entretiens de la belle et la bete (Conversations Between Beauty and the Beast)