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JAZZ • Truly an American creation • Blend of European, Caribbean and African music • Truly took off during the 1920’s • “Roaring 20’s” are also called the “Jazz Age” Timeline • 1800’s – Slaves brought to the US and Caribbean from west Africa – African drumming – Field Hollers • 1920’s – Jazz Age – Music flourished as people broke the law – Black face performers • 1930’s – Depression – Blues has appeal Al Jolson • • • • First superstar Starred in first talkie “The Jazz Singer” Performed in black face In black face, actors acted lazy, stupid and childlike • Some African Americans even performed in black face. Influences • Baptist-Gospel • Ragtime • Blues – Incredibly Feeling – Muddy Waters – Bessie Smith • Back Water Blues Beginnings of Jazz • New Orleans (called the birthplace) • Chicago • New York – Cotton Club • Kansas City How is jazz played? • Improvisation • Instrument solos – Each instrument plays by itself for a short period of time Jelly Roll Morton • “I invented this music.” • No, but he wrote it down • Piano • Pimp, pool hustler, gambler, door-to-door salesman – Coca-Cola with salt (cure for tuberculosis) • Dead Man Blues Duke Ellington • • • • Piano and composer Swing and Big Band Music Good for dancing It Don’t Mean a Thing Louis Armstrong • • • • • • Probably the most influential jazz musician Sent to a boys home and learned coronet Appeared in over 25 movies Had surgery to fix his raspy voice Rockin’ Chair/Hello Dolly Blacks turned on him – Uncle Tom – Negative Image Billie Holiday • • • • Stubborn and cranky Heroin addict Faced discrimination God Bless the Child Strange Fruit Southern trees bear a strange fruit, Blood on the leaves and blood at the root, Black body swinging in the Southern breeze, Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees. Pastoral scene of the gallant South, The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth, Scent of magnolia sweet and fresh, And the sudden smell of burning flesh! Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck, For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, For the sun to rot, for a tree to drop, Here is a strange and bitter crop. Benny Goodman • Played clarinet, composer, bandleader • Clarinet was not usually used in jazz • Sing, Sing, Sing Glenn Miller • Played trombone & lead band • Played in 1930’s • Volunteered for army in 1942 • Played for troops • In the Mood Dizzy Gillespie • Trumpet, composer, band leader • Performed in 1940’s. • Someone fell on his trumpet and bent it • He liked the sound • Salt Peanuts Charleston • Dance craze of 1920’s • With partner or alone • Dance of flappers • The Charleston Swing Revival Big Bad Voodoo Daddy THE END