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World War II SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government. a. Explain A. Philip Randolph’s proposed march on Washington, D.C., and President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response. b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and ItalianAmericans. c. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin. d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war industries. e. Describe the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb. f. Compare the geographic locations of the European Theater and the Pacific Theater and the difficulties the U.S. faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops LEADERS OF THE AXIS POWERS ITALY- _______________________ JAPAN-_______________________O GERMANY-_______________________ Events leading to WWII Italy Benito Mussolini seized power, became dictator and made Italy a _______________________ state Japan Invaded and took the _______________________ province of Manchuria. (Protested by League of Nations) Germany Adolph Hitler became _______________________ (leader) of Germany Hitler Destroyed the Republic Persecuted _______________________ Drove out political enemies Made Germany a _______________________ state (one party) state Mussolini’s army invaded and conquered _______________________ in Africa German Troops marched into the _______________________ (area between Germany and France) in violation of Treaty of _______________________. Germany and Italy sent planes and troops to Francisco Franco, a revolutionary leader in Spain. Germany and Italy formed the Rome-Berlin _______________________ (Later Japan joined , making it the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis) Japan began an undeclared war with _______________________. Though the democracies condemned Japan’s action, the U.S. and England continued to ship vital ______________________________________________ to her 1 Hitler’s Legions marched into _______________________ and annexed it to Germany. Hitler threatened war if the _______________________ (part of Czechoslovakia) were not turned over to Germany France and England, anxious to avoid war_______________________Hitler and gave the area to him. He then demanded and got the remainder of Czechoslovakia after signing a non-aggression pact with Russia September 1, 1939 Germany attacks _______________________ This marked the beginning of World War II France and Great Britain declare war on _______________________ _______________________invades Poland from the east and seized the Baltic States. The Axis Powers The Allied Powers The United States attempts to remain _______________________ (isolationism) As Germany and Japan gained ground, the U.S. changes her policy from one of strict neutrality to one of aiding the Allies “______________________________________________” ______________________________________________ Act, 1941, authorized the President to send aid to the Allies. The U.S. became the “arsenal of democracy” The U.S. Made preparations for defense in case of war Billions of dollars were appropriated for strengthening the Army, Navy, and Air Force. In 1940, the ______________________________________________Act was passed to raise an army of fighting men. Western Front April 1940, Germany invades and occupies Denmark (four hours) and Norway (four days) May 1940, Hitler invades Holland (three days) and Belgium (fourteen days). His army skirts the Marginal Line of France and races to the English Channel June 1940, France is forced to surrender in the same railway car in the forest at Campiegne, where Germany signed the Armistice in 1918. Then Hitler orders the railway car blown up. The British Expeditionary forces are pushed back to Dunkirk Belgium with the backs to the Sea Through a supreme effort the entire army is evacuated by the British Navy but all their equipment is lost. July 1940- Hitler begins preparations for the invasion of _______________________. _______________________ becomes Prime Minister of England (Great Britain) and vows to fight on. August 1940- Germany begins the _______________________ (Lightning War) against England by trying to bomb her into submission September 1940- The Royal Air Force (RAF) Turns back the German Air Force and forces them to give up round-the- clock bombing. Now the Germans can only carry out _______________________ terror raids. October 1940- Hitler gives up plans to invade Great Britain and decides to turn against Russia. He plans to defeat England with submarines by cutting off supplies. His U-boast sink more than a British ship a day June 1941- Hitler invades _______________________. His army drives a thousand miles into _______________________. At a spot fifteen miles form Moscow, he is stopped by the ______________________________________________. 1941- Mussolini invades Egypt and is thrown out by the _______________________. 2 1941- Italy and Hitler invade and conquers Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, and Crete. This is done with the leadership of ______________________________________________for Germany, known as “______________________________________________”. Events leading American involvement in WWII December 1941- The U.S. placed an _______________________ on all war materials sold to Japan. (Oil,steel, iron, etc) because of their refusal to stop her aggression against China. Japan knows she cannot exist without these material so she decide on radical action. Two of Japan’s top diplomats are dispatched to Washington D.C., in early December 1941, to try to negotiate a compromise .In the meantime the Japanese Fleet sets sail. ______________________________________________-“A Day that will live in Infamy” U.S. Naval and Military installations in Hawaiian Islands are surprise attacked by the Japanese without a declaration of war. All ______________________________________________battleships were sunk or badly damaged. The U.S. world War II battle cry becomes “remember pearl harbor” December 8, 1941-The U.S. congress Declares war on _______________________ December 11, 1941-______________________________________________declare war on the U.S. ______________________________________________-Relocation and Internment of approx. 110,000 Japanese American citizens. Japanese Americans who were too close to the Pacific Coast.Government afraid of spies. Referred to as “War Relocation Camps”. FDR authorized the Internment with _____________________________________________________________________on February 19th, 1942 Allowed Military commanders to designate exclusion areas for Japanese American “_______________________”. America Enters the War- WWII- Two Front War _______________________ Theater-Attempt to defeat Germany and Italy in Europe _______________________ Theater-Attempt to stop Japanese aggression in the Pacific Region _______________________ -Within hours of attacking Pearl Harbor, Japan attacks the _______________________. U.S. forces are forced to surrender to Japanese. American General _______________________vows, “I shall return!” ______________________________________________of surrendered U.S. Troops Battle of _______________________-Japan attacks Midway Island (American Naval station) in an attempt to wipe out the entire U.S. fleet. The critical Battle of Midway on June 4, 1942 ______________________________________________in the Americans' favor and they now controlled the _______________________. Pacific Theater-The allied powers leapfrogged from island to island until they controlled the island of Saipan, the last island that protected the Japanese mainland. Raid on Tokyo ______________________________________________led the audacious April 1942 bombing raid on Japan from the decks of an aircraft carrier. Although little damage resulted, his action raised American morale 3 European Theater-Allies prepared to invade Italy and Benito Mussolini. On July 9, 1943, _______________________ and _______________________parachute and amphibious landings in _______________________ marked the beginning of the invasion. Allies led by General _______________________make a secretive massive assault on France near _______________________. The secret operation is code nicknamed “Operation _______________________”, which became known through history as ______________________________________________ More than 150,000 Allied soldiers stormed the beaches of _______________________ in an early phase of the largest _______________________ military operation in history Although the Allied troops suffered heavy losses, including a casualty rate of 90% in several companies attacking Omaha Beach, they broke through German defenses after heavy fighting. The Battle of the _______________________e-Germans mounted one final, desperate offensive through the Ardennes Forest, in _______________________, against the relatively weak center of the American lines U.S. Division Commander of the surrounded _______________________were asked to surrender to the Germans. He sent back his reply, “_______________________” After 10 days of fighting, the Allies had crushed the German offensive. The Battle of the Bulge was a major defeat for the German Army; it opened the door for Allied invasion of Germany Fall of _______________________ Final Chapter of the destruction of Hitler’s 3rd Reich. April 16th, 1945 _______________________ 20 armies(USSR) 6300 tanks and 8500 aircraft Allies held off to give _______________________a Free-Hand Huge Artillery Barrage and Air-Raid on _______________________….. Hitler’s Birthday. Death of _____________________________________________________________________dies April 1945, his Vice President ______________________________________________succeeds him as President. War MobilizationTo prepare the country for war Roosevelt created the ______________________________________________ard to help regulate the switch to war time production. The _______________________ industry switched to almost exclusively making tanks, jeeps, trucks, and airplanes Role of _______________________ Over 6 million women took _______________________in factories or took the filling role for men. 3 million women volunteered with the red cross. And over 200,000 woman served in the military. The most famous _______________________ tool used to draw women into the workforce was “______________________________________________” European Theater By early 1945, the combined effect of Allied bombing, invading Americans and British troops from the West, and vengeful Soviets in the East had reduced much of Germany to rubble. The Soviets carried out the attack on Berlin, capturing it by the end of April. Hitler ______________________________________________ in his bunker beneath Berlin on April 30 as the Soviets closed in. On May 8, remaining German forces finally surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. _______________________ Day- “Victory in Europe”-May 8 1945 the war was officially over in Europe. 4 Pacific Theater-Japan still remained _______________________. The prospect of invading the ______________________________________________was daunting, especially in the face of projected bitter resistance from the Japanese people. ______________________________________________-Counter-offensive strike. Capture specific islands to take power away from the elite Japanese pacific fleet. Gen. MacArthur Commander of Allied forces in the SW Pacific. Roosevelt had gathered hundreds of scientists to develop a weapon of destruction, the A-Bomb. This secret group was code named the “_______________________” August 6, 1945 the U.S. dropped the first Atomic Bomb on _______________________, Japan. August 8, 1945 the U.S. dropped the second Atomic bomb on _______________________i, Japan. The Atomic Bomb- We wanted to beat the Germans. Develop the bomb and create enriched Uranium before the Nazis did. Manhattan Project $2 billion ($22 billion today) 30 different sites. 10 on Manhattan Island (Project Name) Made it for intimidation….. Turned into a weapon of Mass Destruction. We dropped 2 on Japan in the cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. _______________________and _______________________- (The bombs dropped on Japan by the _______________________) On September 2, 1945, Japan surrendered aboard the U.S.S. Missouri. The War is Over! _______________________ Day -September 2, 1945 5