Download Week 9

REWARD SYSTEMS &
ATTITUDINAL OUTCOMES
PHED 1027
Week #9
March 11 & 13
Remaining Schedule
• March 11 & 13 – Rewards, Satisfaction, Commitment
• March 18th – QUIZ #2
• March 20th – special guest; NUPHES elections
• March 25th – Risk Management
• March 27th – Leadership Activities (gymnasium)
• April 1st & 3rd – Leadership & course evaluation (gym)
Multidimensional Model of Leadership:
(Chelladurai, 1990)
Antecedents
Situational
Characteristics
Leader Behaviour
Consequences
Required
Performance
Leader
Characteristics
Actual
Satisfaction
Member
Characteristics
Preferred
Transformational Leaders & the
Multidimensional Model
• Transformational leaders believe they can
alter
– Situational characteristics (goals & strategies)
– Member characteristics (beliefs & attitudes)
• How do they do it?
– VISION
• Attainable
• Abilities
• BELIEVE = ACHIEVE
Tranformational Leaders EMPOWER
others.....
(Arnold et al., 2000)
DIMENSION
DESCRIPTION
Leading by example
Setting high standards for own behaviour, working
hard to maintain those standards, setting an example
if good behaviour
Participative decision making
Encouraging and listening to group’s ideas and
suggestions and giving members a chance to voice
their concerns
Coaching
Providing help to members to improve performance,
encouraging members to share ideas and to work
together, supporting group members
Informing
Explaining goals, policies, rules, decisions, and how
the group fits into the organization
Showing concern & interacting with the
team
Caring about members’ personal problems and their
well-being, treating members as equals and getting
along with members
Decision-making
• Participative vs. Autocratic
– What’s the difference?????
• What are the advantages & disadvantages of
each?
Participative Decision-making
• Advantages
– Ownership
– Execution
– Rationality
– Understanding/Acceptance
• Disadvantages
– Time consuming
– Affected by cliques
Autocratic Decision-making
• Advantages
– Time
– Cliques
• Disadvantages
– Understanding
– Acceptance
When is it appropriate to include
the members/clients/subordinates?
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Commitment
Time
Information – leader vs. members
Complexity
Conflict
Development
The ATTRIBUTES of the problem dictate the
decision style
For Example:
1. You are the coach of a badminton team. You
have to decide upon a new team racquet on
a limited budget. How would you go about
making this decision?
a) Varsity badminton team
b) Elementary School team
2. You are in charge of a group of volunteers
organizing a sports event. You have to assign
volunteers to different tasks.
REWARDS
• Purposes:
– Recruitment
– Retention
– Attendance
– Motivation
– Skill Development
– Ownership
– Structure
TYPES OF REWARDS
• Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic rewards
– Which are most important to leaders?
• Financial vs. Non-financial
• Performance-based vs. Membership-based
• Career vs. Social
Bases of rewards
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Job
Skill
Seniority
Performance
Mix
How do teachers use rewards to enhance
student learning?
CHOICE?
• Rewards distributed based on member
preferences may enhance motivation and job
performance
– Cafeteria-style benefits
– Lump-sum payments
OUTCOMES
• Productivity outcomes:
– $$$
– Efficiency
– Growth
– New products
• Attitudinal outcomes:
– Satisfaction
– Commitment
Satisfaction
• Paid Job Satisfaction – work, pay, promotions,
supervision, people
• Volunteer Satisfaction – work, achievement,
convenience, supervision, people, recognition
• Participant Satisfaction - services, leisure,
athlete, coach
Participant Satisfaction
• Satisfaction with services
– What do consumers of sport services want?
• Reliability, tangibles, responsiveness, assurance,
empathy
• Leisure Satisfaction
– What do leisure participants want?
• Psychological, educational, social, relaxational,
physiological, environmental
Participant Satisfaction
• Athlete Satisfaction
– What do athletes want?
• Performance, improvement, leadership, social, support
• Coach Satisfaction
– What do coaches want?
• Autonomy, facilities, pay, performance, administration,
colleagues, job security, academic progress of athletes
So What?
• The usefulness of describing satisfaction is
important to leaders only if it can be
measured reliably and validly
• Many satisfaction measures are available
• These measures can provide critical feedback
to leaders so that they can identify problems,
choose solutions, and evaluate changes
Organizational Commitment
• Affective commitment
• Continuance commitment
• Normative commitment
• How do YOU as a leader develop commitment
among your volunteers/members/clients?
REVIEW FOR QUIZ #2
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Abilities – Chapter 4
Personality – Chapter 5
Values – Chapter 6
Motivation – Chapter 7
Organizational Justice – Chapter 8
Leadership – Chapter 11
Rewards, Satisfaction & Commitment – 13, 15, 16