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PERCEPTION
WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU GET
Perception: Definition
1) How you see the world around you
– Think “environment” from transactional model
– Each of us “sees” according to our
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Physical differences
Backgrounds
Attitudes
Use of (need for) information
Expectations
FIELD TRIP!
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NOTE CARD
PENCIL
DUCK WALK
JOT ON YOUR NOTE CARD—WHAT DO YOU
NOTICE?
• WHEN YOU RETURN, WRITE SOMETHING YOU
NOTICED ON THE BOARD.
FIELD TRIP!
• WHO NOTICED ______________?
• WHY?
• WHY DID WE NOT ALL NOTICE THE SAME
THINGS?
Perception: Definition
2) Each of us experiences a different reality
– This is HARD to grasp!
– Grasping it takes practice!
DIFFERENT REALITY GAME
5 VOLUNTEERS
DRAW “REALITY” FROM BUCKET
WALK IN AND DESCRIBE WHAT YOU SEE!
DIFFERENT REALITY GAME
1)
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PRINCIPAL HERRING
LYLE PERKINS
FIRE INSPECTOR
NEW STUDENT
YOURSELF
DIFFERENT REALITY GAME
THE FACTS OF THIS ROOM ARE THE SAME.
THE PERCEPTION OF THIS ROOM VARIES.
“EACH OF US EXPERIENCES A DIFFERENT
REALITY.”
Perception: Definition
3) Perceptual differences can ENHANCE
relationships.
HOW can perceptual differences enhance a
relationship?
Perception: Definition
4) Perceptual differences can INTERFERE with
relationships.
HOW can perceptual differences interfere
with a relationship?
--SELECTION-• WE can’t perceive all the stimuli!
• What kind of stimuli do we give attention to?
– Intense
– Repetitive
– Contrasting
– First and last
--ORGANIZATION-• WE must arrange the stimuli!
• “Perceptual schema”
– “schema” is an outline, plan or model
--ORGANIZATION--
--ORGANIZATION-• (from your text page 85) “…each of us can
organize our impressions of other
communicators using a number of schemes
(called perceptual schema by social scientists).
Sometimes we classify people according to
their appearance: male or femaile, beautiful
or ugly, heavy or thin, young or old, and so on.
--ORGANIZATION-• (cont.) At other times we classify people
according to their social roles: student,
attorney, wife, and so on. Another way we
classify people is by their interaction style:
friendly, helpful, aloof, and sarcastic are
examples.
--ORGANIZATION-• (cont.) In other cases we classify people by
their psychological traits: curious, nervous,
insecure, and so on. Finally, we can use
others’ membership, classifying them
according to the group to which they belong:
Republican, immigrant, Christian, and so on.
--ORGANIZATION-• (cont.) The perceptual schemas we use shape
the way we think about and communicate
with others. If you’ve classified a professor,
for example, as “friendly,” you’ll handle
questions or problems one way; if you’ve
classified a professor as “mean,” your
behavior will probably be quite different.
--ORGANIZATION-• STEREOTYPING
– WE USE organizing schemes to make
generalizations and predictions.
– It is impossible to get through life without
generalizations.
– What is the difference between “generalizing” and
“stereotyping”?
--ORGANIZATION-• STEREOTYPING
– Is often based on easily recognized characteristics
(physical) that cannot be accurate predictors of
behavior
– Ascribes a set of characteristics to most or all
members of a category (old people…men…)
– Apply a set of expectations when meeting a
member of the group.
Is it stereotyping or generalizing?
• Why is it of value to work against
stereotyping?
• How can we use generalizing to “organize our
world” without slipping into stereotyping?
– Watch video
– In what way might such organizing (generalizing)
enhance relationships? Interfere with
relationships?
(perception) INTERPRETATION
• FIRST WE SELECT…
• THEN WE ORGANIZE…
• THEN WE INTERPRET (ASSIGN MEANING)
(perception) INTERPRETATION
• HOW DO WE ASSIGN MEANING?
• (DON’T MEORIZE THESE…JUST THINK ABOUT
THEM)
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Degree of involvement with the other person
Personal experience (based on similar events)
Assumptions about human behavior
Attitudes
Expectations
Knowledge
Self-concept
Relational satisfaction
(perception) INTERPRETATION
• Sometimes we ORGANIZE FIRST
• THEN INTERPRET
• THEN SELECT…
• IT’S NOT a sequential process.
(perception) NEGOTIATION
• “Sense making” happens when we try to
influence each other’s perceptions.
• Communication is an exchange of “stories” or
n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
• Narratives!
• Virtually all situations can be described by
more than one narrative.