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Chapter 5 Review Sheet Type of transport where substances enter and leave the cell WITHOUT using energy ► Passive transport Three types of passive transport: ► 1. diffusion ► 2. osmosis ► 3. facilitated diffusion When molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration ► diffusion Three things that influence the rate of diffusion: ► 1. Temperature ► 2. Pressure ► 3. Concentration When the concentration of molecules is the same throughout a solution ► equilibrium Membranes that only allow certain molecules to pass through ► Semi-permeable Diffusion of WATER ► osmosis When the concentration inside the cell EQUALS the concentration outside the cell ► isotonic When water enters the cell and it swells ► Hypotonic solution When water leaves the cell causing it to shrink ► Hypertonic solution Kind of pressure that keeps plant cells strong ► Turgor pressure When the cell membranes of plant cells pull away from the cell wall when there is a shortage of water ► plasmolysis Diffusion that uses proteins to help move particles across the cell membrane ► Facilitated diffusion Molecules moving from an area of LOW concentration to an area of HIGH concentration ► Active transport Does active concentration require energy from the cell? ► yes Does passive transport require energy from the cell? ► no Active transport where molecules are taken INTO the cell ► Endocytosis Active transport where molecules are moved OUT of a cell ► exocytosis Type of endocytosis that allows FLUIDS into a cell ► pinocytosis Type of endocytosis that allows solids into the cell ► phagocytosis The sodium potassium pump allows _______ molecules in and _______ molecules out ► Potassium ( K +) IN ► Sodium (Na +) OUT Form of energy for the cell? ► ATP Which cell structure maintains homeostasis? ► Cell membrane ► What happens if a freshwater plant is placed in a salt water aquarium (2pts)? ► Why could you smell the perfume when I sprayed it (2pts)?