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Plant response to temperature change Hot environments Plants need radiant energy from the sun to photosynthesise, but needs to remove most of this heat so as to maintain an optimum temperature. Removing heat Radiates heat into environment Transpiration Evaporation of water from leaf surface (transpiration) The air around plant is heated by plant and rises, taking heat away (convection) SA:V ratio of leaf increased. Also, Convection Radiation more “edges” means more cooling Heat shock proteins produced at about 40 C to protect enzymes etc Removing heat cont… Leaf orientation – turn side on to hot sun Water storage in thick trunk Loss of leaves in summer/heat = no stomata = no transpiration Cold environments Ice forms around cells in freezing temperatures Does not form inside cells, as there is a lot of salt dissolved in there, which reduces freezing point Water comes from cells doing metabolic processes Ice shards pierce cell wall, but push cell membrane inward, leaving cell intact If there is a MASSIVE drop in temperature, ice will form inside cells and kill the cells Some plants (eg. Balsam Fir) can live in temperatures down to -80 C Activities Glossary words: transpiration, heat shock proteins Quick Check questions pg 325