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Homeostasis – balance of a system o Turgid – full of water (crisp) o Flaccid – not full of water Wilting – when plants are not full of water Transpiration – loss of water by a plant o Water is taken up through the roots and the leaves through the stomata o Stoma (stomata) are the pores on the bottom of the leaf Guard Cells regulate the opening and closing o When the guard cells are turgid, they pull apart from each other, opening the stomata and allowing gas and water to leave o When guard cells are flaccid, they seal the stomata shut, preventing water loss o When the stoma are open, the plant can undergo photosynthesis o When the stoma are closed, no photosynthesis can take place because there is no gas exchange Factors That Affect Transpiration Rate o Light Brighter light INCREASES transpiration The stomata opens wider to allow for gas exchange during photosynthesis o Temperature Higher temperature = FASTER transpiration OR Lower temperature = SLOWER transpiration Evaporation and diffusion are faster at higher temperatures o Wind Windy conditions = FASTER transpiration Water vapor is removed quickly by air movement, speeding up diffusion of more water vapor o Humidity Humid conditions = SLOWER transpiration Diffusion of water out of leaves slows down if the leaf is already surrounded by water vapor