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August 15, 2016 Ancient Eastern Mediterranean Civilizations • Standard: Analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE. • Essential Question: What were the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE? Activator • Have out World Map (in your notebook) where do you think civilization began? Vocabulary Words Aug 15-19 1. Fertile Crescent 2. Mesopotamia 3. Ziggurat 4. Polytheism 5. Hammurabi’s Law Code 6. Hieroglyphics 7. Cuneiform 8. Phonetic Alphabet 9. Pharaoh 10. Theocracy Geography • Greek word meaning: “between the rivers” • Fertile Crescent – Valley between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers – Extended from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf – Modern Day Iraq Fertile Crescent • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84y2q4gi ihY Society • cities formed • as societies became advanced, social classes developed • broken into social classes – highest were rulers and priest – Middle class were merchants – Lower class were laborers and slaves Economics • based on agriculture • large-scale system of water control, crops could be grown on a regular basis • traded for stone, wood, and metal from other societies to build empires Innovations • Inventions – wagon wheel, potter’s wheel – the sun dial ,the arch, and bronze • • • • created system of writing (cuneiform) developed a number system based on 60 Geometry to measure fields charted constellations Religion • Polytheism – poly = many – theism = god belief – believed many gods controlled different forces of nature • believed gods to do what humans do • Worship in ziggurats – Mesopotamian temple – pyramid-shaped monument Religion Continued • wealth devoted to building temples • houses for the priests and priestesses • believed success of crops depended on the gods • believed Priest to be representative to the gods City-States • city and the surrounding countryside under one political and economic control • Sumerians created first city-states in Mesopotamia • Power passed from religious leaders to kings • Kings led armies and organized the water control projects necessary to sustain farming Role of the City-States • Many roles: – Religious center (ziggurat) – Political center (palace) – Trading center (market) – Storage for surplus food – Walls served as defense for citizens Leadership • Rulers were the Priest • Success of crops depended on the gods • Believed Priest to be representative to the gods • Power passed from religious leaders to kings Rise of the Empire • a large political unit that controls many peoples and territories • Several city-states brought together • the Akkadian Empire lead by Sargon became the first in history Activity- Primary Source Analysis • Using the primary source analysis documents, you will work in small groups to analyze Ancient Mesopotamian primary sources. Summarizer • What were the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean? • Your answer should be 2-3 sentences.